Badania Fizjograficzne Seria A - Geografia Fizyczna

Temperatura powietrza i wielkość opadów atmosferycznych w województwie łódzkim w latach 1966-2021

2023-08-02T12:37:06+02:00

The aim of the study is to investigate the course of air temperature and precipitation in Łódź Province in 1966–2021. The study uses daily data provided by the IMGW-PIB net from three meteorological stations: Łódź–Lublinek, Sulejów, and Wieluń. The average air temperature in Łódź province is 8.3ºC. When analyzing the annual course of air temperature, the lowest values were recorded in January (2.1ºC on average), the highest were recorded in July (18.4ºC). A growing, statistically significant trend in air temperature was observed at all the stations in the analyzed multi-year period. The rate of changes in the average air temperature in Łódź province reached the maximum value of 0.35°C/10 years at all the three analyzed stations. The average rainfall totals in Łódź province are not very diversified. The average annual sum of precipitation in the analyzed period in Łódź province ranged from 562.2 mm to 597.2 mm. On a seasonal scale, the heaviest precipitation was in the summer months (June–August), and the lowest in winter (December–February), while autumn rainfallwas slightly higher than in the spring. The biggest amounts of rainfall were recorded in July (84.8 mm), while the minimum rainfall was in February (25.8 mm). At all the stations, there was an upward trend in precipitation in the spring and autumn, and a downward trend in the summer. On average, in Łódź province there were 169 days with precipitation.

Występowanie sytuacji meteorotropowych w Polsce w latach 2000-2020

2023-08-02T12:37:02+02:00

Meteotropic situations are defined as weather that may affect human health and exacerbate diseases, especially in sensitive persons. The main objective of the paper is to determine the occurrence of meteotropic situations in Poland in years 2000–2020. The study took into account the characteristic elements such as very hot days (tmax> 30°C), frosty days (tmax< 0°C), day-to-day changes of mean daily air temperature (Δtśr> 6°C), day-to-day changes of mean daily air pressure (≥ 8 hPa) and days with insolation deficit. The research indicated that the highest heat stress strain is typical of the western and central parts of Poland and the highest low air temperature stimuli intensity of high mountain regions. Then, the highest fluctuations of the air temperature interdiurnal variation are characteristic of high mountain regions with the air pressure interdiurnal changes typical of the coastal region. According to our research, the most frequent meteotropic situation was associated with the insolation deficit occurring mostly in the north-eastern and high mountain regions of Poland.

Przegląd wybranych portali mapowych prezentujących szlaki rowerowe

2023-08-02T12:36:59+02:00

This article evaluates map websites that present bicycle routes. Due to the large number of such websites and their highly dynamic development, the analysis was limited to the content presented for the area of Poland. An attempt was made to assess properties like the quality and form of the cartographic message, the legibility of the presented content, the quantity and quality of the accompanying data, and the usability properties. Data from global, national and local portals developed for the voivodship, and even for the city or county, were analysed. The analysis showed that Goole Maps currently offers the best usable properties.

Próba identyfikacji zasięgu oddziaływania lodowca górskiego na temperaturę powietrza - na przykładzie lodowca Engabreen (Norwegia)

2023-08-02T12:36:57+02:00

This study aims to identify the extent of mountain glacier influence on air temperature in the vertical profile, using the Engabreen glacier (Norway) as an example. An important aspect of the work is also an analysis of the variation in surface temperature and wind conditions in the valley of the Engabreen glacier. The analysis was carried out based on measurement data of vertical air temperature taken over the glacier cavity with sensors mounted to an unmanned aerial vehicle. The field survey was carried out on 25 July 2022 in the afternoon. The results of the measurements may indicate that the presence of the glacier reduces the air temperature gradient with altitude compared to the surrounding areas. Above the glacier, the air temperature in the vertical profile increases with height. Based on the profiles taken above the glacier, it was concluded that the surface of the glacier influences the air temperature above it up to an altitude of 37–53 m above ground level.

Przestrzenna i czasowa zmienność rodzajów chmur nad Polską w latach 1996-2020

2023-08-02T12:36:54+02:00

The subject of the study is a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of the type of cloud cover over Poland in 1996–2020. The analysis was based on the characteristics of particular types of clouds at three levels, based on hourly measurement data from 36 meteorological stations (IMWM-NRI). The variability of the share of cloud types was analysed on three levels in the multi-annual, annual and daily course. Maps of spatial distribution for selected clouds were plotted. In the study of the multi-year period, clouds of the low-level were observed most frequently, and the most numerous cloud type was Stratocumulus. Altocumulus clouds were found to have the highest frequency on the mid-level, while Cirrus clouds of various species were found on the high-level. On the low-level, the highest increase in the share in the analysed multi-year period was recorded for Stratocumulus clouds, and the highest decrease for moderately and strongly uplifted Cumulus clouds. On the mid-level, the largest increase in the share was observed for Altocumulus clouds, and the largest decrease for Nimbostratus clouds. Among the clouds of the high-level, the greatest increase in the proportion of Cirrostratus clouds not stretching the sky was observed, while the greatest decrease in the share was for the Cirrus uncinus clouds. The annual and daily courses on all the levels showed cyclic occurrence, meaning that the different types of clouds have characteristic periods when they are observed more or less frequently, both on an annual and daily basis.

Chmury piętra wysokiego, średniego i niskiego: analiza zachmurzenia w Polsce

2023-08-02T12:36:47+02:00

The subject of the paper is an analysis of the type of clouds in Poland in 1996–2020 on the low, middle and high levels. Daily data on cloud types and the cloudiness of the low-level from 36 IMWM-NRI stations were used. In the analysed multi-year period, the highest share of low-level clouds was observed (56%), followed by mid-level clouds (23%), and the lowest share of high-level clouds (21%). There was a slight decrease in the share of low-level clouds, and an increase in the share of middle and high levels clouds in the analysed period. The share of low-level clouds was highest in the cool season and during the afternoon and night hours; it was lowest in the summer, and early morning and evening hours. The middle and high levels had the highest share in the summer and during the early evening and early morning hours. These levels were least frequent in the winter, and around noon for the mid-level, and at night for the high-level. The Cumulus humilis and Stratocumulus cugen clouds were most frequently observed on the low-level during low cloudiness. Stratus fractus and Cumulonimbus capillatus were most frequently observed during total and high cloudiness on the low-level. In the warm season and the daytime, clouds are more isolated; in the cool season, they form more dense cloud layers.

Zmiany powierzchni leśnych na terenie Parku Krajobrazowego Puszcza Zielonka w ostatnich 180 latach w aspekcie krajobrazowym

2023-08-02T12:36:51+02:00

The article presents the results of research on changes in forest areas in the PuszczaZielonka Landscape Park. An analysis of forest area transformations was carried out with the use of landscape metrics. Archival cartographic material in the form of topographic maps in the scale of 1 : 25 000, coming from four different periods (1830, 1890, 1940 and 1979/80) and a generalized Database of Topographic Object (BDOT) dated 2010, were used for the research. The result of the research are quantitative and qualitative characteristics of changes in the area and the spatial layout of the forest areas and a model of landscape processes taking place in the Puszcza Zielonka Landscape Park. The first analyzed period (1830–1890) was characterized by a small regression of forest area (index of changes WD = ‒0.05), whereas fragmentation and dissection of forest patches prevailed. The second period (1890–1940), despite the slight increase in forest areas (WD = +0.03), was characterized by a decrease in the number of patches and a reduction of their borders’ length. In the third period (1940-1979), the landscape increment process (WD = +0.27), mainly related to the filling of non-forested areas within forest complexes, prevailed. After 1979, the direction of changes was similar but on a much smaller scale (WD = +0.04).

Warunki meteorologiczne na Szrenicy w latach 2018-2020

2023-08-02T12:36:45+02:00

The article presents the weather conditions on Mount Szrenica, located in the Karkonosze range in the Sudetes, in 2018–2020. The data come from the Database of Integrated Monitoring of Natural Environment. An average temperature in the presented time was 4,0oC, an average yearly precipitation was 1245.8 mm, an average atmospheric pressure 865.3 hPa, average wind speed 5.1 m/s, average snow cover height 66.3 cm, the sun shone for 1881 hours in a year. Changes in individual values compared to the results published earlier prove the impact of global changes also in this area.

Multimedia-cartographic internet service of the cultural heritage on the Puszcza Bukowa area

2023-08-02T12:36:42+02:00

The main objective of this research was to design a multimedia website with a collection of thematic maps to show the values of cultural heritage sites in the “Puszcza Bukowa” Forest (Szczecin Landscape Park “Beech Forrest”) for public and expert users. In the research, the cartographic method was used together with User Centred Design, geo-information operations on BDOT10k data, and JavaScript programming using the Leaflet library. In addition to the chamber work, field research was carried out in several cartographic and geo-information applications to obtain materials for multimedia. The research process consisted of four stages:
conceptual, preparatory, execution and publication of the completed service. The result of the research became a multimedia-cartographic web service, an indication that a properly designed and coded collection of spatial information can significantly affect the dissemination of cultural knowledge in protected areas.

Uwarunkowania meteorologiczne silnych burz - analiza przypadku z 10 lipca 2020 roku

2023-08-02T12:36:38+02:00

Considered the most dangerous type of thunderstorm, supercell thunderstorms appear in strictly defined meteorological conditions in the troposphere. Predicting their location is particularly problematic in an environment of strong vertical wind shear and low instability. An example of such a situation is the supercell that contributed to the development of the tornado on July 10, 2020 at 18:10 CEST in Ustronie Morskie. On that day, two dangerous supercells were also created, which, at the peak of activity, passed over Lubusz and Masovian Provinces. The tornado in Ustronie Morskie was formed on the wavy front, while the supercell developing in Lubusz and Mazovia Land was observed on the cold front. Large hail and damaging wind gusts associated with the downburst in the west of the country took place in higher atmospheric instability than the other cases. The MLCAPE was over 200 J kg–1 higher than that for peak activity of the other storms discussed in the paper. This could have been crucial for the formation of the largest hail recorded on July 10, 2020 in Poland. The highest values of wind shear and storm relative helicity occurred on the coast which could have influenced the formation of a tornado despite the low values of atmospheric instability. The hook echo radar signature in Mazovia Land developed with a similar MLCAPE as the tornado on the coast (nearly 500 J kg–1). On the other hand, the MUCAPE and SBCAPE was much higher there (approx. 500 J kg–1 more), and so was the LCL level. This proves a higher humidity deficit in the lower troposphere in the place where the hook echo passes. With regard to the ESTOFEX and Skywarn Polska convection outlook, the tornado was the most difficult phenomenon to predict. Hail and damaging wind gusts not related to rotation coincided to a greater extent with the convective outlook.

Zimowe ekstrema termiczne w Polsce i ich cyrkulacyjne uwarunkowania

2023-08-02T12:36:35+02:00

The study’s objective was to determine the spatial and temporal variability of occurrence of extremely warm days in winter in Poland in 1966/67–2020/21, and to determine the effect of atmospheric circulation on their occurrence. An extremely warm day is defined as a day with a maximum daily air temperature equal to or higher than the value of the 95. percentile. The effect of atmospheric circulation on the occurrence of the analyzed days was determined on the basis on two teleconnection patterns, namely the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Scandinavia (SCAND). The progressing warming translated into increasingly frequent occurrence of extremely warm days. In terms of the abundance of such days, the following winters stood out in the entire multiannual period: 1989/90, 2015/16, 2006/07, and 2001/02.

Dynamika zmian sumy i struktury opadów w Wielkopolsce w latach 1981-2020

2023-08-02T12:36:32+02:00

The study analyzes the temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric precipitation and the impact of global climate changes on precipitation in Wielkopolska. The study was based on data provided by the IMGW-PIB and collected from 5 synoptic stations located in central Poland. The average multiannual sums of precipitation, the average number of days with precipitation in total and the particular types of precipitation in 1981–2020 were calculated, and their spatial distribution presented. Moreover, seasonal precipitation totals and statistics for days with precipitation were also calculated, and trends of individual pluviometric characteristics presented. The average annual rainfall was 523 mm, and the average annual rainfall frequency was 163 days. Days with rainfall were more frequent than days with snow (35 days). Over the course of many years, there was an apparent decrease in days with snowfall (-6.5 per decade) and an increase in the number of rainy days (4.3 per decade). Annual precipitation totals show no significant long-term changes.

Źródła referencyjne i rekonstrukcyjne do geowizualizacji porównawczej grodu w Gieczu w XII i XXI wieku

2023-08-02T12:36:28+02:00

This article presents the process of presenting and valorizing spatial, historical and archaeological data for creating a comparative geovisualisation of the Giecz stronghold in two time frames: the 12th and 21st centuries. The aim of this work is related to the concept of protecting and sharing cultural heritage. Special attention has been paid to the presentation of spatial archaeological and historical data in a 3D virtual environment, with a possibility of presenting them in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment. From a cartographic point of view, special emphasis was placed on the proper integration of cartographic, remote sensing and graphic sources in a geomatic process for implementing the model into interactive virtual environments.