Abstract
The author is discussing issues concerning gender differentiation in the sphere of economy, social roles and its cultural and biological roots. The anti-essentialist gender discourse is shown as emanation of two old ideas: the Marxist paradigm and gnostic concepts. Author indicate that the triumph of freedom in the culture of late modernity is not only the victory of culture over nature, but also, paradoxically for this culture, a simultaneous threat.
References
BADINTER, E. (2013) Konflikt: kobieta i matka. Trans. J. Jedliński. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
BERNASIEWICZ, M. (2010) Indywidualizm. In: Pilch, T. (ed.). Encyklopedia pedagogiczna XXI wieku—suplement. Warszawa: Żak.
BERNASIEWICZ, M., NOSZCZYK-BERNASIEWICZ, M. (2017) Family Life and Crime. Contemporary Research and Essays. Katowice: University of Silesia.
BROWN, P. (2008) The Body and Society. Men, Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press.
CASTELLS, M. (2004) The Power of Identity: The Information Age—Economy, Society and Culture. Vol. 2. Second Edition. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
COOPER, S. M. (1999) Historical Analysis of The Family. In: Sussman, M. B., Steinmetz, S. K. & Peterson, G. W. (eds.). Handbook of Marriage and The Family. New York: Springer.
GIDDENS, A. & SUTTON, P. W. (2014) Essential Concepts in Sociology. Cambrige: Polity Press.
Gratissimam Sane. Letter to Families from Pope John Paul II on the occasion of the Year of the Family. [Online] Available from: http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/letters/1994/documents/hf_jp-ii_let_02021994_families.html [Accessed: 12th April 2018].
John Paul II: Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris Consortio to the Episcopate, to the Clergy and to the Faithful of the Whole Catholic Church on the Role of the Christian Family in the Modern World, 22 November 1981, paragraph 23. [Online] Available from: http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_jp-ii_exh_19811122_familiaris-consortio.html. [Accessed: 12th April 2018].
KAJA, B. M. (2013) Bliskie związki emocjonalne dorosłych dzieci rozwiedzionych rodziców. Przemijający syndrom rozwodowy? In: Kaja, B. M. (ed.). Małżeństwo. Rodzina. Rozwód. Bydgoszcz: UKW Bydgoszcz.
KAWULA, S. (2006) Kształty rodziny współczesnej. Szkice familologiczne. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek.
MEAD, M. (1958) Male and Female. A Study of the Sexes in a Changing World. New York: William Morrow & Co.
MEAD, M. (2013) Wprowadzenie do wydania z roku 1962. In: Mead, M. (ed.) Męż-czyźni i kobiety. Kraków: PWN.
Pope Francis’ opening address to the participants in the International Colloquium on the Complementarity Between Man and Woman organised by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on 17 November 2014. [Online] Available from: https://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2014/november/documents/papa-francesco_20141117_congregazione-dottrina-fede.html. [Accessed: 12th April 2018].
SZACKI, J. (1964) Durkheim. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna.
ZNANIECKI, F. (2013) Upadek cywilizacji zachodniej. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323520016
License
Journal of Gender and Power is an Open Access Journal. Copyright of the article published in the Journal of Gender and Power is retained by the authors with first publication rights granted to the Adam Mickiewicz University Press.