Abstract
The present study investigates how Darija, within a complex multilingual and digital context, is reshaping the roles of traditionally dominant languages like Standard Arabic and French. It highlights a shift towards a more symmetrical sociolinguistic system, where local interactions redefine linguistic functions. The research also explores how Darija interacts with the Tamazight languages in the global digital sphere, addressing conflicts and competitions. It delves further into the concept of ‘Darijation’, an unintended result of North African language policies, and reveals that Darija is increasingly displacing other languages, creating a new linguistic landscape.
References
Aguadé, Jordi. 2006. Writing dialect in Morocco. Estudios de dialectología norteafricana y andalusí 10. 253-274.
Appadurai, Arjun. 1996. Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Blommaert, Jan. 2010. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511845307
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1982. Ce que parler veut dire. Paris: Fayard.
Bouziane, Abdelmajid & Saoudi, Mohamed. 2021. The status of English in Morocco: Lessons from spontaneous debates in social media. English Studies at NBU 7(2). 187-208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.21.2.4
Caubet, Dominique. 2017. Morocco: An informal passage to literacy in Dārija (Moroccan Arabic). In Høigilt, Jacob & Mejdell, Gunvor (eds.), The politics of written language in Arab world, 116-141. Leiden: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004346178_007
Chekayri, Abdellah 2018. L’enseignement en arabe dialectal pour consolider l’acquisition de l’arabe standard. In Chekayri, Abdellah & Mgharfaoui, Khalil (eds.), Réflexions sur le lexique et l’enseignement de l’arabe marocain, 13-51. Casablanca: Centre de la promotion du darija.
Durand, Olivier. 2004. L’arabo del Marocco: Elementi di dialetto standard e mediano. Roma: Università degli Studi La Sapienza.
Ennaji, Moha. 2001. De la diglossie à la quadriglossie. Languages and Linguistics 8. 49-64.
Fairclough, Norman. 1989. Language and power. London: Longman.
Gal, Susan. 2006. Minorities, migration and multilingualism: Language ideologies in Europe. In Mar-Molinaro, Clare & Stevenson, Patrick (eds.), Language ideologies, practices and polices: Language and the future of Europe, 13-27. London: Palgrave. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523883_2
Goffman, Erving. 1981. Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
Gumperz, John J. 1982. Discourse strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511611834
Hoogland, Jan. 2014. Toward a standardized orthography of Moroccan Arabic based on best practices and common ground among a selection of authors. In Santillán, Paula & Pérez, Luis Miguel & Moscoso,
Francisco (eds.), El árabe marroquí: De la oralidad a la escritura, 59-76. Ciudad Real: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Castilla la Mancha.
Lafkioui, Mena B. 1998. Les Berbères et leur langue: Le cas des immigrés berbères en Belgique. In Canut, Cécile (ed.), Attitudes, représentations et imaginaires en Afrique, 119-130. Paris: L'Harmattan/Langues O'.
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2006. Pratiques et représentations linguistiques en contexte multilingue : Le cas des Berbères en Belgique. Quaderni del Dipartimento di Linguistica (Unical) 24. 73-84.
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2008. Identity construction through bilingual Amazigh-Dutch “digital” discourse. In Lafkioui, Mena & Brugnatelli, Vermondo (eds.), Berber in contact: Linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives, 217–231. Köln: Köppe Verlag.
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2013. Multilingualism, Multimodality, and Identity Construction on French-Based Amazigh (Berber) Websites. Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée XVIII (2). 135–151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/rfla.182.0135
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2018. Berber languages and linguistics. Oxford: Oxford Bibliographies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199772810-0219
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2019. Le français face à la « super-diversité » dans la ville métropole de Gand. In Gadet, Françoise (ed.), Les Métropoles francophones européennes. 185-202. Paris: Garnier.
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2021. Codeswitching and artistic performance among multilingual minorities in Flanders. Belgian Journal of Linguistics 35. 34–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00063.laf
Lafkioui, Mena B. 2024. Pluricentricity, iconisation, and instrumentalisation of language in North Africa and its diaspora. In Huber, Maté & Meisnitzer, Benjamin (eds.), Pluricentric languages in Africa. Multilingualism and Linguistic Dehegemonisation in Africa and Around the World, 15-38. Graz: PCL-Press.
Michalski, Marcin. 2019. Written Moroccan Arabic: A study of qualitative variational heterography. Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University Press.
al-Midlāwī, Muḥammad. 2019. Al-ʿarabiyya ad-dāriǧa: Imlāʾiyya wa naḥw: Al-aṣwāt, aṣ-ṣarf, at-tarkīb, al-muʿǧam (Darija Arabic: Spelling and grammar: Sounds, conjugation, structure, vocabulary). Markaz Tanmiyat al-Dāriǧa. Zakoura. Ad-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ.
Miller, Catherine. 2017. Contemporary dārija writings in Morocco: Ideology and practices. In Høigilt, Jacor & Mejdell, Gunvor (eds.), The politics of written language in the Arab world, 90-115. Leiden: Brill. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004346178_006
Moscoso García, Francisco. 2009. Comunidad lingüística marroquí en los foros y chats. Expresión escrita, ¿norma o anarquía? Al-Andalus Magreb 16. 209-226.
Moustaoui Srhir, Adil. 2016. Sociolinguistics of Moroccan Arabic. Main Frankfurt & Berlin: Peter Lang. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-06484-1
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2004. The Ecology of language evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sedrati, Anass & Ait Ali, Abderrahman. 2019. Moroccan Darija in online creation communities: Example of Wikipedia. Al-Andalus Magreb: Estudios árabes e islámicos 26. 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25267/AAM.2019.i26.11
Youssi, Abderrahim. 1995. The Moroccan triglossia: Facts and implications. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 112. 29-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1995.112.29
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mena B. Lafkoui
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.