Stance and politeness in spoken Latvian
PDF

Keywords

discourse
epistemic modality
evidentiality
face
Latvian
politeness
stance

How to Cite

Chojnicka, J. (2015). Stance and politeness in spoken Latvian. Lingua Posnaniensis, 57(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2015-0002

Abstract

The present article is concerned with the concept of stance and its relationship to face, face work and politeness applied to Latvian spoken discourse. It offers an extensive review of relevant literature on stance and politeness theories, followed by an illustrative analysis of politeness strategies and stance markers found in a radio interview. On this basis, the article argues that stance markers - epistemic, evidential, mirative and hedging devices - may be considered a negative politeness strategy, responding to the speaker’s and hearer’s desire for autonomy. In conclusion, it suggests a hypothesis that could explain differing use of stance markers and politeness strategies by speakers fulfilling varying conversational roles and of various social standing.

https://doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2015-0002
PDF

References

Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bednarek, Monika. 2006. Epistemological positioning and evidentiality in English news discourse: A text-driven approach. Text & Talk 26(6). 635-660.

Biber, Douglas & Johansson, Stig, & Leech, Geoffrey & Conrad, Susan & Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London: Longman.

Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen. 1987. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Caffi, Claudia & Janney, Richard W. 1994. Toward a pragmatics of emotive communication. Journal of Pragmatics 22. 325-373.

Chafe, Wallace. 1986. Evidentiality in English conversation and academic writing. In Chafe, Wallace & Nichols, Joanna (eds.), Evidentiality: the linguistic coding of epistemology, 261-272. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corp.

Chafe, Wallace & Nichols, Joanna (eds.). 1986. Evidentiality: the linguistic coding of epistemology. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corp.

Chojnicka, Joanna. 2012. Linguistic Markers of Stance in Latvian Parliamentary Debates. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing. (PhD Dissertation.)

Dendale, Patrick & Tasmowski, Liliane. 2001. Introduction: evidentiality and related notions. Journal of Pragmatics 33. 339-348.

Diani, Giuliana. 2004. The discourse functions of I don’t know in English conversation. In Aijmer, K. & Stenström, A. B. (eds.), Discourse patterns in spoken and written corpora, 157-171. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Du Bois, John W. 2007. The stance triangle. In Englebretson, R. (ed.), Stancetaking in discourse. Subjectivity, evaluation, interaction, 139-182. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Faller, Martina. 2002. Semantics and Pragmatics of Evidentials in Cuzco Quechua. Stanford: Stanford University. (PhD Dissertation.)

Giles, Howard. 1973. Accent mobility: A model and some data. Anthropological Linguistics 15. 87-105.

Goffman, Erving. 1967. Interaction Ritual. New York: Pantheon.

Hengeveld, Kees. 1998. Adverbial clauses in the languages of Europe. In van der Auwera, J. (ed.), Adverbial constructions in the languages of Europe, 335-419. Berlin - New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

Holtgraves, Thomas. M. 2002. Language as Social Action. Social Psychology and Language Use. Mahwah - London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hunston, Susan & Thompson, Geoff (eds.). 2000. Evaluation in Text. Authorial stance and the construction of discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Joseph, John E. 2006. Language and Politics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Mathiassen, Terje. 1997. A short grammar of Latvian. Ohio: Slavica.

Mauranen, Anna. 2004. “They’re a little bit different”… Observations on hedges in academic talk. In Aijmer, K. & Stenström, A. B. (eds.), Discourse patterns in spoken and written corpora, 173-197. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Mills, Sara. 2011. Discursive approaches to politeness and impoliteness. In Linguistic Politeness Research Group (ed.), Discursive Approaches to Politeness, 19-56. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Mushin, Ilana. 2001. Evidentiality and Epistemological Stance. Narrative Retelling. Amsterdam - Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Plungian, Vladimir A. 2001. The place of evidentiality within the universal grammatical space. Journal of Pragmatics 33. 349-357.

Precht, Kristen. 2003. Stance moods in spoken English: Evidentiality and affect in British and American conversation. Text 23(2). 239-257.

Van Der Auwera, Johann & Plungian, Vladimir A. 1998. Modality’s semantic map. Linguistic Typology 2. 79-124.

Van Dijk, Teun A. 1983. Discourse analysis: Its development and application to the structure of news. Journal of Communication 33(2). 20-43.

White, Peter R. R. 2003. Beyond modality and hedging: A dialogic view of the language of intersubjective stance. Text 23(2). 259-284.