Abstract
Some aspects of the participation of the r-phones in the phonetic and phonological systems of Tunisian Arabic are discussed against the background of a brief acquaintance with the situation obtaining in Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic. In contemporary Tunisian Arabic six r-phones occur and the relations of free variation, complementary distribution and phonological opposition between them are examined. The assimilation of the [r] to [l] is touched upon. The situation of r-phones in other Arabic dialects is addressed.
References
Al-Ani, Salman. 1992. Readings in Arabic Linguistics. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club.
Al-Ani, Salman & El-Dalee, Mohammed. 1983. Tafxīm in Arabic: The acoustic and physiological parameters. Proceedings of The Xth International Meeting of Phonetic Sciences, 385-389. Dordrecht: Foris.
Al-Nassir, Abdulmunim A. 1993. Sibawayh the phonologist. A critical study of the phonetic and phonological theory of Sibawayh as presented in his treatise al Kitab. Library of Arabic Linguistics 10. London, New York: Kegan Paul International.
Anani, Mohammed. 1985. Differences in the distribution between Arabic /l/, /r/and English /l/, /r/. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 20. 129-133.
Anīs, Ibrāhīm. 1992. Al-aṣwāt al-luḡawiyya. Al-Qāhira: Maktabat al-Anglū al-Miṣriyya.
An-Nūrī, Mohammed J. 1996. ‘Ilm al-aṣwāt al-’arabiyya. Ǧāmiʻat al-Quds al-maftūħa.
Baccouche, Taïeb & Mejri, Saleh. 2004 L’atlas linguistique de Tunisie: Les questionnaires. Paris, Tunis: Maisonneuve, Larouse & Sud Editions.
Bakalla, Mohammed H. 2009. Tafxīm. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics IV, 321-424. Leiden: Brill.
Bańczerowski, Jerzy. 1985. Phonetic relations in the perspective of phonetic dimensions. Studia Lingusitica Diachronica et Synchronica, 25-40. Berlin, New York, Amsterdam: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bańczerowski, Jerzy. 1992. Is generative phonology consequent upon structural phonology? Phonological Investigations. 247-307.
Bańczerowski, Jerzy & Pogonowski, Jerzy & Zgółka, Tadeusz. 1982. Wstęp do językoznawstwa. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Bogusławski, Andrzej & Drzazgowska, Ewa. 2016. Język w refleksji teoretycznej: Przekroje historyczne. Warszawa: Katedra Lingwistyki Formalnej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Bonnot, Jean-François. 1977. Recherche expérimentale sur la nature des consonnes emphatique de l’arabe classique. Travaux de l’Institut de Phonétique de Strasbourg 9. 47-88.
Bonnot, Jean-François. 1979. Étude expérimentale de certains aspects de la gémination et de l’emphase en arabe. Travaux de l’Institut de Phonétique de Strasbourg 11. 109-118.
Cantineau, Jean. 1941/1960. Cours de phonétique arabe. Alger. [extended version]. Études de Linguistique Arabe. Paris: C. Klincksieck.
Danecki, Janusz. 1978. Early Arabic phonetical theory. Phonetics of al-Halil ibn Ahmad and Sibawaihi. Rocznik Orientalistyczny 39. 51-56.
Danecki, Janusz. 2000. Współczesny język arabski i jego dialekty. Warszawa: Dialog.
Ferguson, Charles A. 1956. The emphatic l in Arabic. Language 32(2). 446-452.
Ghazeli, Salman. 1981. La coarticulation de l’emphase en arabe. Arabica: Revue d’Études Arabes 28. 251-277.
Giannini, Antonella & Pettorino, Massimo. 1982. The emphatic consonants in Arabic. Speech Laboratory Report 4. Neapoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale.
Istītīh, Samīr. 2003. Al-Aṣwāt al-luḡawiyya-ruʼ ya ʻuẓwiyya wa nuṭqiyya wa fīzyāʼiyya. ʽAmmān: Dār Wā’ il.
Iványi, Tamás. 1977. Preliminary distinctive feature analysis of Classical Arabic consonants. Acta Orientalia Scientarium Hungaricae 31. 217-236.
Jameel, Ibtisam H. et al. 2009. Al-Iẓṭirābāt an-nuṭqiyya fī ṣawt /r/fī al-ʻarabiyya: Dirāsa waṣfiyya taħlīliyya. Dirāsāt. Al-ʻulūm al-insāniyya wa al-iǧtimāʻiyya. Al-muǧallad 36 (mulħaq), 924-944.ʽAmmān: Al-Ǧāmiʻa al-Urduniyya.
Kästner, Harmut. 1981. Phonetik und Phonologie des modernen Hocharabisch. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie.
Khattab, Ghada. 2002. /r/production in English and Arabic bilingual and monolingual speakers. Leeds Working Papers in Linguistics and Phonetics 9. 91-129.
Ladefoged, Peter. 1975. A course in phonetics. New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Atlanta: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Łobacz, Piotra. 2013. Polskie reranie. Scripta manent – res novae, 245-258. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM.
Maamouri, Mohamed. 1967/1984. The phonology of Tunisian Arabic. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Mejri, Saleh & Said, Mosbah & Sfar, Inès. 2009. Pluringuisme et diglossie en Tunisie. La situation linguistique en Tunisie (Synergies1), 53-74. Tunis: Revue du GERFLINT.
Mitchell, Terence Frederick. 1990. Pronouncing Arabic 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mitchell, Terence Frederick. 1993. Pronouncing Arabic 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morsly, Dalíla. 1983. Diversité phonologique du français parlé en Algérie: realization de /r/. Langue française n̊ 60. Phonologie des usages du français. 65-72.
Mzoughi, Inès. 2015. Intégration des emprunts lexicaux au français en arabe dialectal tunisien. Cergy-Pontoise: Université de Cergy-Pontoise. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Newman, Daniel L. 2002. The phonetic status of Arabic within the world’s languages. Antwerp Papers in Linguistics 100. 65-75.
Newman, Daniel L. 2005. Modern phonetic terminology in Arabic: Translation and equivalence. Journal of the Faculty of Arts. 77-86.
Norlin, Kjell. 1987. A phonetic study of emphasis and vowels in Egyptian Arabic. Lund: Bloms Lund. Odisho, Edward. 1988. Sibawayhi’s dichotomy of majhura/mahmusa revisited. al-Arabiyya 21(1-2). 81-91.
Osman, El-Sayed A. 1988. The phonological theory of Sibawaihi: An eighth century Arab grammarian. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University. (Doctoral dissertation.)
Ouerhani, Bechir. 2009. Interférence entre le dialectal et le littéral en Tunisie: Le cas de la morphologie verbale. La situation linguistique en Tunisie (Synergies1), 75-84. Tunis: Revue du GERFLINT.
Oueslati, Jamila. 2010. Towards a description of the vowel system of a North West Tunisian dialect. Folia Orientalia XLVII (47). 124-139.
Oueslati, Jamila. 2015. The phonetic and phonological systems of the Dzira dialect of Tunisian Arabic. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Rys.
Quitout, Michel. 2002. Parlons l’arabe tunisien: Langue et culture. Paris: L’Harmattan.
Singer, Hans R. 1984. Grammatik der arabischen Mundart der Medina von Tunis. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Skik, Hichem. 1976. Le passage d’une langue à l’autre chez les tunisiens bilingues: Étude socio-linguistique. Revue Tunisienne des Sciences Sociales XIII/4. 140-165.
Skik, Hichem & Ounali, Mohamed Habib. 1971. Une tentative d’analyse du vocabulaire de l’arabe parlé en Tunisie. Revue Tunisienne des Sciences Sociales VIII/27. 173-177.
Vollers, Karl. 1892. The system of Arabic sounds as based upon Sîbawayh and Ibn Ya‛ish. Transactions of the 9th International Congress of Orientalists II, 130-151. London: International Congress of Oriental-ists.
Walters, Keith. 1992. A sociolinguistic description of (u:) in Korba Arabic: Defining linguistic variables in contact situations and velic areas. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics 4. 181-218.
Walters, Keith. 2003. Fergie’s prescience: The changing nature of diglossia in Tunisia. International Journal of the Society of Language 3. 85-87.
Watson, Janet C. E. 1999. The directionality of emphasis spread in Arabic. Linguistic Inquiry 30. 289-300.
Watson, Janet C. E. 2002. The phonology and morphology of Arabic. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Younes, Munther. 1994. On emphasis and /r/ in Arabic. Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics VI. Papers from the Sixth Symposium on Arabic Linguistics, 215-235. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Zabrocki, Ludwik. 1970. Kommunikative Gemeinschaften und Sprachgemeinschaften. Folia Linguistica 4(1). 2-23.
Zabrocki, Ludwik. 1972. Z teorii socjolingwistyki. Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego 30. 17-25.
License
Copyright (c) 2017 Jamila Oueslati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.