Abstract
Conclusion: T he author demonstrates that the values displayed by the construction (with an exception of the modal senses) can be connected and a definition, which exceeds a simple inventory of uses, may be provided if one views the locution from a dynamic evolutionary perspective, i.e. as a manifestation of one of the developmental scenarios governing the grammatical evolution of original resultative constructions, namely as a realization of the anterior path. Furthermore, the modal senses of the NAATA form may be related to the anterior trajectory (and to its meanings-stages) if we make use of the evidential path, an evolutionary possibility which links the grammatical life of resultatives with determined modal domains. T his latter proposition, however, needs a more profound analysis and will constitute one of the research activities, conducted by the author in the future.References
A Practical Orthography of Gambian Mandinka. 1988. Banjul: WEC International.
Aikhenvald Alexandra. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Aikhenvald Alexandra, Dixon Robert (eds.). 2002. Studies in Evidentiality. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Amiot Dany (ed.). 2008. La composition dans une perspective typologique. Artois: Artois Presses Université.
Andrason Alexander. 2010. “The guessing QATAL - the BH Suffix Conjugation as a Manifestation of the Evidential Trajectory.” Journal for Semitics 19(2), 603-627.
Andrason Alexander. 2011a. “The Biblical Hebrew Wayyiqtol - a Dynamic Definition.” Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 11(7), 1-50.
Andrason Alexander. 2011b. “The Biblical Hebrew Verbal System in Light of Grammaticalization - the Second Generation.” Hebrew Studies 52, 351-383.
Andrason Alexander. 2011c. “Semantics of the TA Construction in Basse Mandinka.” Linguistica Copernicana 6, 221-244.
Andrason Alexander. 2012a. “When imam Perfect ‘Becomes’ a Past.” Balkanistica 25, 75-103.
Andrason Alexander. forthcoming 2012b. Introducción a la gramática del mandinka de la región de Basse (Introduction to the Grammar of Basse Mandinka).
Andrason Alexander. in review 2012c. “The Meaning of the YE Constructions in Basse Mandinka.” Philologia.
Austin John Langshaw. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Brisard Frank, Östman Jan-Ola, Verschueren Jef (eds.). 2009. Grammar, Meaning and Pragmatics. Amsterdam-Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Bybee Joan, Perkins Revere, Pagliuca William. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar. Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press.
Colley Ebrima. 1995. Mandinka Grammar Manual. Banjul: Peace Corps The Gambia.
Creissels Denis. 1983. Eléments de grammaire de la langue mandinka. Grenoble: ELLUG.
Creissels Denis. 2007. “A Sketch of Bambara Argument Structure.” Workshop Grammar and Processing of Verbal Arguments. Leipzig, April 20-21, 2007.
Creissels Denis. 2008. “L’incorporation en mandinka.” In: Amiot 2008: 75-88.
Creissels Denis. 2010a. “Transitivity Alternations in Mandinka.” Workshop on Valency Classes. Leipzig, August 21, 2010.
Creissels Denis. 2010b. “The Flexibility of the Noun vs. Verb Distinction in the Lexicon of Mandinka.” International Conference on Polycategoriality. Paris, October 4-6, 2010.
Croft William, Cruse Alan. 2004. Cognitive Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dahl Östen (ed.). 2000. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dramé Man Lafi. 2003. Parlons mandinka. Paris: L ’Harmattan.
Evans Vyvyan, Green Melanie. 2006. Cognitive Linguistics: an Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Gamble David. 1987. Elementary Mandinka (Gambian Studies 20). San Francisco: Gamble.
Haspelmat h Martin et al. (eds.). 2001. Language Typology and Language Universals. Berlin-New York: Walter de Gruyter.
Heine Bernd, Nurse Derek (eds.). 2000. African Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Johanson Lars. 2000. “Viewpoint Operators in European languages.” In: Dahl 2000: 27-187.
Johanson Lars. 2003. “Evidentiality in Turkic.” In: Aikhenva ld & Dixon 2003: 273-291.
Kambeŋ Kotoo (Old Testament). 1998. Banjul: WE C International.
Kambeŋ Kutoo (New Testament). 1989. Banjul: WE C International.
Kastenholz Raimund. 1996. Sprachgeschichte im West-Mande: Methoden und Rekonstruktionen. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag.
Lewis M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas: SIL International.
Lindstedt Jouko. 2000. “The Perfect - Aspectual, Temporal and Evidential.” In: Dahl 2000: 365-383.
Lück Marlies, Henderson Linda. 1993. Gambian Mandinka: a Learning Manual for English Speakers. Banjul: WEC International.
Macbrair Maxwell. 1842. A Grammar of the Mandingo Language. London: The Wesleyan-Methodist Missionary Society.
Mandinka English Dictionary. 1988. Banjul: WE C International.
Mandinka English Dictionary. Revised edition. 1995. Banjul: WE C International.
Mandinka Learning Manual. 2002. Banjul: WE C International.
Nikiforidou Kiki. 2009. “Constructional Analysis.” In: Brisard et al. 2009: 16-32.
Nurse Derek. 2008. Tense and Aspect in Bantu. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rowlands Evan. 1959. A Grammar of Gambian Mandinka. London: SOAS.
Selections from the Writings of the Promised Messiah. 1988. Tilford: Islam International Publications LTD.
Vydrine Valentin, Bergman Ted, Benjamin Matthew. 2000. Mandé Language Family of West Africa: Location and Genetic Classification (SIL Electronic Survey Report). Dallas: SIL International.
Waltke Bruce, O’Connor Michael. 1990. An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Williamson Kay, Blench Roger. 2000. “Niger-Congo.” In: Heine & Nurse 2000: 11-42.
Wilson William. 2000. “Creissels’s Mandinka Grammar.” Journal of West African Languages 28(2), 109-124.
License
Copyright (c) 2012 Alexander Andrason
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.