Keywords
sedimentology
First Middle-Polish Lignite Seam
Miocene
central Poland
How to Cite
Abstract
The 1st Middle-Polish (1st Lusatian) Lignite Seam is exploited in open-cast mines in central Poland. A large number of lignite lithotypes, grouped in four lithotype associations, are distinguished: xylitic, detritic, xylo-detritic and detro-xylitic lithotype associations, which show various structures. Each lithotype association was produced under specific peat-forming environmental conditions. In the case of the lignite seams under study they represent all the main envi-ronments that are known from Neogene mires, i.e.: fen or open water, bush moor, wet forest swamp and dry forest swamp. For a simple and practical description in the field of both the lignite sections and borehole cores, a new codification for lignite lithotypes is proposed. It is based on the codification of clastic deposits (lithofacies). The practical value of the new lignite lithotype codification is examined in three vertical sections of the 1st Middle-Polish Lignite Seam.
References
Bielowicz, B., 2010. New technological classification of lignite as a basis for balanced energy management. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 26, 25-39.
Brzyski, B., 1981. Klasyfikacja megaskopowa i charakterystyka odmian trzeciorzędowego węgla brunatnego z obszaru Polski [Macroscopic classification and description of Tertiary brown coal varieties from the Polish territory]. Geologia 7, 5-30.
Diessel, C., Boyd, R., Wadsworth, J., Leckie, D. & Chalmers, G., 2000. On balanced and unbalanced accommodation/peat accumulations ratios in the Cretaceous coals from Gates Formation, Western Canada, and their sequence-stratigraphic significance. International Journal of Coal Geology 43, 143-186.
Eyles, N., Eyles, C. H. & Miall A. D., 1983. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models - an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences. Sedimentology 30, 393-410.
Ghibaudo, G., 1992. Subaqueous sediment gravity flow deposits: practical criteria for their field description and classification. Sedimentology 39, 423-454.
Grimm, K. (Ed.), 2002. Tertiary. [In:] German Stratigraphic Commission (Ed.): Stratigraphic table of Germany 2002.
ICCP (International Committee for Coal Petrology), 1993. International handbook of coal petrography, 3rd Supplement to 2nd edition. University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
Jarosiński, M., Porawa, P. & Ziegler, P. A., 2009. Cenozoic dynamic evolution of the Polish Platform. Geological Quarterly 53, 3-26.
Kasiński, J. & Piwocki, M., 1992. Miocene coal-bearing basins of the Konin lignite deposits. [In:] Lützner (Ed.): 13th IAS Regional Meeting of Sedimentology. Schiller University, Jena, 65-67.
Kasiński, J., Mazurek, S. & Piwocki, M., 2006. Waloryzacja i ranking złóż węgla brunatnego w Polsce [Valorization and ranking list of lignite deposits in Poland]. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 187, 79 pp.
Kolcon, I. & Sachsenhofer, R. F., 1998. Coal petrography and palynology of the Early Miocene lignite seam from the opencast mine Oberdorf (N Voitsberg, Styria, Austria). [In:] F. F. Steininger (Ed.): The Early Miocene lignite deposits of Oberdorf, N Voitsberg (Styria, Austria). Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 140, 433-440.
Kolcon, I. & Sachsenhofer, R. F., 1999. Petrography, palynology and depositional environments of the Early Miocene Oberdorf lignite seam (Styrian Basin, Austria). International Journal of Coal Geology 41, 275-308.
Krüger, J. & Kjær, K. H., 1999. A data chart for field description and genetic interpretation of glacial diamicts and associated sediments with examples from Greenland, Iceland, and Denmark. Boreas 28, 386-402.
Kwiecińska, B. & Wagner, M., 1997. Typizacja cech jakościowych węgla brunatnego z krajowych złóż według kryteriów petrograficznych i chemiczno-technologicznych dla celów dokumentacji geologicznej złóż oraz obsługi kopalń [Classification of qualitative features of brown coal from Polish deposits according to petrographical, chemical and technological criteria]. Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, 87 pp.
Kwiecińska, B. & Wagner, M., 2001. Możliwość zastosowania refleksyjności jako metody badawczej w klasyfikowaniu i technologicznej ocenie jakości węgla brunatnego [Application of reflectance in the natural and technological classification of brown coal]. University of Science and Technology Press, Cracow, 35 pp.
Laubach, S.E, Marrett, R. A., Olson, J. E. & Scott, A. R., 1998. Characteristics and origins of coal cleat: a review. International Journal of Coal Geology 35, 175-207.
Lücke, A., Helle, G., Schleser, G. H., Figueiral, I., Mosbrugger, V., Jones T. P. & Rowe, N. P., 1999. Environmental history of the German Lower Rhine embayment during the Middle Miocene as reflected by carbon isotopes in brown coal. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 154, 339-352.
Markič, M. & Sachsenhofer, R. F., 1997. Petrographic composition and depositional environments of the Pliocene Velenje lignite seam (Slovenia). International Journal of Coal Geology 33, 229-254.
Markič, M., Zavšek, S., Pezdič, J., Skaberne, D. & Kočevar, M., 2001. Macropetrographic characterization of the Velenje lignite (Slovenia). Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica 45, 81-97.
Mastalerz, K., 1995. Deposits of high-density turbidity currents on fan-delta slopes: an example from the upper Visean Szczawno Fm., Intrasudetic Basin, Poland. Sedimentary Geology 98, 121-146.
McCabe, P. J., 1984. Depositional models of coal and coal-bearing strata. [In:] R. A. Rahmani & R. M. Flores (Eds): Sedimentology of coal and coal-bearing sequences. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 7, 13-42.
Miall, A. D., 1977. A review of the braided-river depositional environment. Earth-Science Reviews 13, 1-62.
Piwocki, M., 1987. Chemiczne i technologiczne właściwości głównych trzeciorzędowych grup pokładów węgla brunatnego w Polsce [Chemical and technological properties of the main groups of Tertiary brown coal seams in Poland]. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 357, 41-60.
Piwocki, M. & Ziembińska-Tworzydło, M., 1997. Neogene of the Polish Lowlands - lithostratigraphy and pollen-spore zones. Geological Quarterly 41, 21-40.
Rhee, C. W. & Chough, S. K., 1993. The Cretaceous Pyonghae sequence, SE Korea: terminal fan facies. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 105, 139-156.
Sadowska, A. & Giża, B., 1991. Flora i wiek węgla brunatnego z Pątnowa [The flora and age of the brown coal from Pątnów]. Acta Palaeobotanica 31, 201-214.
Standke, G., Rascher, J. & Strauss, C., 1993. Relative sea-level fluctuations and brown coal formations around the Early-Middle Miocene boundary in the Lusatian brown coal district. Geologische Rundschau 82, 295-305.
Taylor, G. H., Teichmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C. F. K., Littke, R. & Robert, P., 1998. Organic petrology. Borntraeger, Berlin-Stuttgart, 704 pp.
Teichmüller, M., 1958. Rekonstruktion verschiedener Moortypen des Hauptflözes der Niederrheinischen Braunkohle. Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 2, 599-612.
Teichmüller, M., 1989. The genesis of coal from the view-point of coal petrology. International Journal of Coal Geology 12, 1-87.
Ticleanu, N., Scradeanu, D., Popa, M., Milutinovici, S., Popa, R., Preda, I., Ticleanu, M., Savu, C., Diaconita, D., Barus, T., Petrescu, I., Dinulescu, C. & Maftei, R., 1999. The relation between the lithotypes of Pliocene coals from Oltenia and their main quality characteristics. Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey 74, 169-174.
Ważyńska, H. (Ed.), 1998. Palynology and palaeogeography of the Neogene in Polish Lowlands. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 160, 1-41.
Widera, M., 2007. Litostratygrafia i paleotektonika kenozoiku podplejstoceńskiego Wielkopolski [Lithostratigraphy and palaeotectonics of the sub-Pleistocene Cenozoic of Wielkopolska]. Adam Mickiewicz University Press, Poznań, 224 pp.
Widera, M., 2010. The morphology of fossil pebbles as a tool for determining their transport processes (Koźmin South lignite open-cast pit, central Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 80, 315-325.
Widera, M., Ćwikliński W. & Karman R., 2008. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Poznań-Oleśnica Fault Zone, central-western Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica 58, 455-471.
Widera, M. & Hałuszczak, A., 2011. Stages of the Cenozoic tectonics in central Poland: examples from selected grabens. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 162, 203-214.
Widera, M., Jachna-Filipczuk, G., Kozula, R. & Mazurek, S., 2007. From peat bog to lignite seam: a new method to calculate the consolidation coefficient of lignite seams, Wielkopolska region in central Poland. International Journal of Earth Sciences 96, 947-955.
Widera, M. & Kita A., 2007. Paleogene marginal marine sedimentation in central-western Poland. Geological Quarterly 51, 79-90.
Wolf, M., 1988. Torf und Kohle. [In:] Füchtbauer, H. (Ed.): Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine - Teil II. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 683-730.
Zieliński, T., 1995. Kod litofacjalny i litogenetyczny - konstrukcja i zastosowanie [Lithofacies and lithogenetic code - construction and application] [In:] E. Mycielska-Dowgiałło & J. Rutkowski (Eds): Badania osadów czwartorzędowych. Wybrane metody i interpretacja wyników [Investigation of Quaternary deposits. Results of some methods and interpretations]. Warsaw University Press, Warsaw, 220-235.
License
This content is open access.