Keywords
hyperconcentrated flows
fining-upward cyclothems
Lublin Basin
Carboniferous
How to Cite
Abstract
Fining-upwards cyclothems found in five boreholes in the Carboniferous (Lower Bashkirian) of the Lublin Basin
were analysed sedimentologically. It was established that the cyclothems represent fluvial deposits, and the lithofacies were grouped into lithofacies associations. Most lithofacies associations represent three types of sand-bed braided rivers: (1) high-energy, (2) deep and (3) distal sheetflood-affected. Other associations represent hyperconcentrated flows. Both coarse-grained (type I) and fine-grained (types IIa and IIb) occur among the fining-upward cyclothems. The formation of most thick cyclothems was related mainly to allocyclic factors, i.e. a decrease in the river’s gradient. The thickest fining-upward cyclothems are characteristic of hyperconcentrated flows and braided-river channels. The aggradation ratios were commonly high. During the early Namurian C and early Westphalian A (Early Bashkirian), the eastern part of the Lublin Basin was located close to the source area. The sedimentary succession developed due to a transition from high-energy braidedrivers and hyperconcentrated flows to lower-energy braided rivers, controlled by a rise of the regional base level.
References
Baldwin, B. & Butler, C.O., 1985. Compaction curves. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 69, 622-626.
Blakey, R.C. & Gubitosa, R., 1984. Controls of sandstone body geometry and architecture in the Chinle Formation (Upper Triassic), Colorado Plateau. Sedimentary Geology 38, 51-86.
Cant, D.J., 1978. Development of a facies model for sandy braided river sedimentation: comparison of the South Saskatchewan River and the Battery Point Formation. [In:] A.D. Miall (Ed.): Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 627-639.
Cant, D.J. & Walker, R.G., 1976. Development of a braided-fluvial facies model for the Devonian Battery Point Sandstone, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 102-119.
Cant, D.J. & Walker, R.G., 1978. Fluvial processes and facies sequences in the sandy braided South Saskatchewan River, Canada. Sedimentology 25, 625-648.
Dembowski, Z. & Porzycki, J., 1988. Carboniferous of the Lublin Coal Basin. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego 122, 250 pp.
Deuszkiewicz, M., 2001. Sedymentacja utworów dolnego karbonu w rejonie złoża ropy naftowej „Świdnik” [Sedimentation of Lower Carboniferous deposits in the „Świdnik” oil field area]. M.Sc. thesis University of Warsaw, 108 pp.
Eynon, G. & Walker, R.G., 1974. Facies relationships in Pleistocene outwash gravels, S. Ontario: a model for bar growth in braided rivers. Sedimentology 21, 43-70.
Friend, P.F. & Moody-Stuart, M., 1972. Sedimentation of the Wood Bay Formation (Devonian) of Spitsbergen: regional analysis of a late orogenic basin. Norsk Polarinstitut Skrifter 157, 1-77.
Gradziński, R., Doktor, M. & Słomka, T., 1995. Depositional environments of the coal-bearing Cracow Sandstone Series (upper Westphalian), Upper Silesia, Poland. Studia Geologica Polonica 108, 149-170.
Hajdenrajch, M., 2010. Stratygrafia sekwencji i sedymentacja utworów karbonu rejonu Niedrzwicy (płd.-zach. Lubelszczyzna) [Sequence stratigraphy and sedimentation of Carboniferous deposits in the Niedrzwica area (south-western Lublin region)]. M.Sc. thesis University of Warsaw, 68 pp.
Hampson, G.J., Elliott, T. & Davies, S.J., 1997. The application of sequence stratigraphy to Upper Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic strata of the onshore U.K. and Ireland: implications for the Southern North Sea. Journal of the Geological Society 154, 719-733.
Harms, J.C. & Fahnestock, R.K., 1965. Stratification, bed forms, and flow phenomena (with an example from the Rio Grande). [In:] G.V. Middleton (Ed.): Primary Sedimentary Structures and their Hydrodynamic Interpretation. SEMP Special Publication 12, 84-115.
Kelly, S.B. & Olsen, H.O., 1993. Terminal fans - a review with reference to Devonian examples. Sedimentary Geology 85, 339-374.
Klimek, K., 1972. Present-day fluvial processes and relief of the Skeidarársandur plain, Iceland. Prace Geograficzne Instytutu Geografii PAN 94, 139 pp.
Korejwo, K., 1958. The Carboniferous at Strzyżów on the Bug river - Eastern Poland. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 136, 7-128.
Kozłowska, A., 2004. Diageneza piaskowców górnego karbonu występujących na pograniczu rowu lubelskiego i bloku warszawskiego [Diagenesis of the Upper Carboniferous sandstones from a boundary area between the Lublin Graben and Warsaw Block]. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 411, 5-70.
Kozłowska, A., 2009. Procesy diagenetyczne kształtujące przestrzeń porową piaskowców karbonu w rejonie Lublina [Diagenetic processes shaping the pore space of the Carboniferous sandstones in the Lublin area]. Przegląd Geologiczny 57, 335-342.
Krzywiec, P., 2007. Tectonics of the Lublin area (SE Poland) - new views based on results of seismic data interpretation. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 422, 1-18.
Martinsen, O.J., 1994. Evolution of an incised-valley fill, the Pine Ridge Sandstone of Southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A.: systematic sedimentary response to relative sea-level change. [In:] R.W. Dalrymple, R. Boyd & B.A. Zaitlin (Eds): Incised-valley Systems: Origin and Sedimentary Sequences. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 51, 109-128.
Mazak, T., 1979. Rozwój litologiczno-facjalny osadów karbońskich w obszarze Łęcznej (Lubelskie Zagłębie Węglowe) [Lithological and facies development of Carboniferous deposits in the Łęczna area (Lublin Coal Basin)]. Polish Geological Institute, Upper Silesian Branch (Sosnowiec), 61 pp.
McCabe, P.J., 1977. Deep distributary channels and giant bedforms in the Upper Carboniferous of the central Pennines, northern England. Sedimentology 24, 271-290.
Miall, A.D., 1977. A review of the braided-river depositional environment. Earth-Science Reviews 13, 1-62.
Miall, A.D., 1978. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models in braided river deposits: a summary. [In:] A.D Miall (Ed.): Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 597-604.
Miall, A.D., 1985. Architectural-element analysis: a new method of facies analysis applied to fluvial deposits. Earth-Science Reviews 22, 261-308.
Miall, A.D., 1991. Stratigraphic sequence and their chronostratigraphic correlation. Journalof Sedimentary Petrology 61, 497-505.
Miall, A.D., 1996. The Geology of Fluvial Deposits Sedimentary Facies, Basin Analysis, and Petroleum Geology. 582 pp.
Musiał, Ł. & Tabor, M., 1979. Stratygrafia karbonu Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego na podstawie makrofauny [The Carboniferous stratigraphy of the Lublin Coal Basin based on macrofaunal evidence]. [In:] T. Migier (Ed.): Stratygrafia Węglonośnej Formacji Karbońskiej w Polsce, II Sympozjum Sosnowiec, 4-5 maja 1977, 35-43.
Musiał, Ł. & Tabor, M., 1988. Macrofaunal stratigraphy of Carboniferous. [In:] Z. Dembowski & J. Porzycki (Eds): Carboniferous of the Lublin Coal Basin. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego 122, 88-122 + 232-233.
Narkiewicz, M., 2003. Tectonic controls of the Lublin Graben (Late Devonian-Carboniferous). Przegląd Geologiczny 51, 771-776.
Narkiewicz, M., Jarosiński, M., Krzywiec, P. & Waksmundzka, M.I., 2007. Regional controls on the Lublin Basin development and inversion in the Devonian and Carboniferous. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 422, 19-34.
Pierson, T.C. & Costa, J.E., 1987. Arheologic classification of subaerial sediment-water flows. [In:] J.E. Costa & G. Wieczorek (Eds): Debris Flows/Avalanches: Process, Recognition, and Mitigation. Reviews in Engineering Geology 7, 1-12.
Plint, A.G., 1988. Sharp-based shoreface sequences and „offshore bars“ in the Cardium Formation of Alberta: their relationship to relative changes in sea level. [In:] C.K. Wilgue, B.S. Hastings, C.G.S.C. Kendall, H.W. Posamentier, C.A. Ross & J.C. van Wagoner (Eds): Sea-level Research: An Integrated Approach. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 42, 357-370.
Porzycki, J., 1979. Litostratygrafia osadów karbonu Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego [The lithostratigraphy of Carboniferous deposits in the Lublin Coal Basin]. [In:] T. Migier (Ed.): Stratygrafia Węglonośnej Formacji Karbońskiej w Polsce, II Sympozjum Sosnowiec, 4-5 maja 1977, 19-27.
Porzycki, J., 1980. Utwory węglonośne wizenu i namuru Lubelszczyzny [Namurian and Visean coal-bearing deposits of the Lublin region]. Polish Geological Institute, Upper Silesian Branch (Sosnowiec), 138 pp.
Rust, B.R., 1978. A classification of alluvial channel systems. [In:] A.D. Miall (Ed): Fluvial Sedimentology. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 5, 187-198.
Ryer, T.A. & Langer, A.W., 1980. Thickness change involved in the peat-to-coal transformation for a bituminous coal of Cretaceous age in Central Utah. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 50, 987-992.
Rust, B.R. & Gibling, M.R., 1990. Braidplain evolution in the Pennsylvanian South Bar Fm., Sydney Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 60, 59-72.
Rühle, E., 1966. Carboniferous sediments in the Lublin Basin. Prace Instytutu Geologicznego 64, 134 pp.
Saunderson, H.C. & Jopling, A.U., 1980. Palaeohydraulics of a tabular, cross-stratified sand in the Brampton esker, Ontario. Sedimentary Geology 25, 169-188.
Simons, D.B. & Richardson, E.V., 1962. Resistance to flow in alluvial channels. American Society of Civil Engineers Index to Transactions 127, 927-957.
Skompski, S., 1986. Upper Viséan calcareous algae from the Lublin Coal Basin. Acta Geologica Polonica 36, 151-185.
Skompski, S., 1996. Stratigraphic position and facies significance of the limestone bands in the subsurface Carboniferous succession of the Lublin Upland. Acta Geologica Polonica 46, 171-268.
Skompski, S., 1998. Regional and global chronostratigraphic correlation levels in the late Viséan to Westphalian succession of the Lublin Basin (SE Poland). Geological Quarterly 42, 121-130.
Sneh, A., 1983. Desert stream sequences in the Sinai Peninsula. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 53, 1271-1279.
Svendsen, J., Stollhofen, H., Krapf, C.B.E. & Stanistreet, I.G., 2003. Mass and hyperconcentrated flow deposits record dune damming and catastrophic breakthrough of ephemeral rivers, Skeleton Coast Erg, Namibia. Sedimentary Geology 160, 7-31.
Szwemin, M., 1992. Wykształcenie facjalne i sedymentacja utworów wizenu i namuru dolnego regionu Orzechowa (północno-wschodnia Lubelszczyzna) [Facies and sedimentary conditions of Visean and Lower Namurian deposits in the Orzechów area (north-eastern Lublin region)] M.Sc. thesis University of Warsaw, 66 pp.
Tunbridge, I.P., 1983. Alluvial fan sedimentation of the Horseshoe Park flood, Colorado, USA, July 15th, ’82. Sedimentary Geology 36, 15-23.
Van Huissteden J. & Vandenberghe, J., 1988. Changing fluvial style of a periglacial lowland river during the Weichselian pleniglacial in the E Netherlands. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, Supplement 71, 131-146.
Waksmundzka, M.I., 1998. Depositional architecture of the Carboniferous Lublin Basin. [In:] Narkiewicz, M. (Ed.): Sedimentary basin analysis of the Polish Lowlands. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 165, 89-100.
Waksmundzka, M.I., 2005. Ewolucja facjalna i analiza sekwencji w paralicznych utworach karbonu z północno-zachodniej i centralnej Lubelszczyzny [Facies and sequence analysis of Carboniferous paralic deposits of the north-western and central Lublin region]. Ph.D. thesis Polish Geological Institute Warsaw, 197 pp.
Waksmundzka, M.I., 2008a. Correlation and origin of the Carboniferous sandstones in the light of sequence stratigraphy and their hydrocarbon potential in the NW and Central parts of the Lublin Basin [Analysis of lithofacies associations and cyclicity in braided, meandering and anastomosing river deposits based on the example of the Carboniferous paralic section from the Lublin Basin (south-eastern Poland)]. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 429, 215-224.
Waksmundzka, M.I., 2008b. Analiza zespołów litofacji I cykliczności w utworach rzek roztokowych, meandrujących i systemów anastomozujących, na przykładzie profilu paralicznego karbonu basenu lubelskiego (południowo-wschodnia Polska). [Analysis of lithofacies associations and cyclicity in braided, meandering and anastomosing river deposits based on the example of the Carboniferous paralic section from the Lublin Basin (south-eastern Poland)]. [In:] J. Wojewoda (Ed.): Baseny śródgórskie. Kontekst regionalny środowisk i procesów sedymentacji Kudowa Zdrój, 15-21.09.2008 (materiały konferencyjne). WIND, Wrocław, 26-27.
Waksmundzka, M.I. 2010a. Sequence stratigraphy of Carboniferous paralic deposits in the Lublin Basin (SE Poland). Acta Geologica Polonica 60, 557-597.
Waksmundzka, M.I., 2010b. Lithofacies-paleothickness maps - plates 21-24. [In:] Z. Modliński (Ed.): Paleogeological Atlas of the sub-Permian Paleozoic of the East-European Craton in Poland and NeighbouringAareas. PIG-PIB, Warszawa.
Williams, G.E., 1971. Flood deposits of the sand-bed ephemeral streams of central Australia. Sedimentology 17, 1-40.
Wiśniewska (now Waksmundzka), M., 1993. Wykształcenie facjalne i sedymentacja utworów wizenu i namuru południowej części Lubelskiego Zagłębia Węglowego [Facies development and sedimentation of Visean and Namurian deposits in the southern part of the Lublin Coal Basin]. M. Sc. thesis University of Warsaw, 72 pp.
Zdanowski, A. & Żakowa, H., 1995. The Carboniferous system in Poland. Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 148, 215 pp.
Zieliński, T., 1989. Lithofacies and palaeoenvironmental characteristics of the Suwałki outwash (Pleistocene, NE Poland). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 59, 249-270.
Zieliński, T., 1992a. Marginal moraines of NE Poland - sediments and depositional conditions. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 7-95.
Zieliński, T., 1992b. Proglacial valleys facies of the Silesian Upland - genetic factors and their sedimentological effects. Geologia Sudetica 26, 83-118.
Zieliński, T., 1993. Sandry Polski północno-wschodniej - osady i warunki sedymentacji [Outwash plains of NE Poland - sediments and depositional processes]. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego 1398, 5-96.
Zieliński, T., 1995. Kod litofacjalny i litogenetyczny - konstrukcja i zastosowanie [A lithofacies and lithogenetic coding system - its structure and application]. [In:] E. Mycielska-Dowgiałło & J. Rutkowski (Eds): Badania osadów czwartorzędowych, Wybrane metody i interpretacja wyników, 220-235.
Zieliński, T. & Lewandowski, J., 1990. Sedymentological analysis of fossil valley-fill deposits in the Silesian Upland. Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 363, 127-158.
Żelichowski, A.M., 1961. Wstępne dane z wiercenia Tyszowce IG 1 [Preliminary data from the Tyszowce IG 1 well]. Przegląd Geologiczny 12, 659-661.
Żelichowski, A.M., 1972. Evolution of the geological structure of the area between the Góry Świętokrzyskie and the river Bug. Tectonic research in Poland. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 263, 7-97.
Żelichowski, A.M., 1983a. Tektonika Niecki Brzeżnej i jej podłoża między Warszawą i Dęblinem w strefie uskoku Grójca [Tectonics of the Marginal Trough and its basement between Warsaw and Dęblin in the Grójec Fault Zone]. Biuletyn Instytutu Geologicznego 344, 199-224.
Żelichowski, A.M., 1983b. Lithofacies maps of Carboniferous - tables 8-11. [In:] A.M. Żelichowski & S. Kozłowski (Eds): Atlas of Geological Structure and Mineral Deposits in the Lublin Region. IG, Warszawa.
Żelichowski, A.M. & Porzycki, J., 1983. Mapa strukturalno-geologiczna bez utworów młodszych od karbonu. [In:] A.M. Żelichowski & S. Kozłowski (Eds): Atlas of Geological Structure and Mineral Deposits in the Lublin-Rregion. IG, Warszawa.
Żywiecki, M., 2003. Diageneza karbońskich skał klastycznych i etapy powstania złoża gazu ziemnego i ropy naftowej Stężyca, zachodnia część basenu lubelskiego [Diagenesis of the Carboniferous clastic rocks and the stages of the formation of the Stężyca natural gas and oil field, western part of the Lublin Basin]. Ph.D. thesis Uniwersity of Warsaw, 353 pp.
Żywiecki, M. & Skompski, S., 2004. The Waulsortian-type mound in the Lower Namurian of the Lublin Basin (SE Poland). Marine and Petroleum Geology 21, 709-722.
License
This content is open access.