Autonomous Vehicles – a New Challenge to Human Rights?
pdf.

Keywords

autonomous vehicles
artificial intelligence
human rights
privacy
cybersecurity

How to Cite

Iwan, D. . (2019). Autonomous Vehicles – a New Challenge to Human Rights?. Przegląd Prawniczy Uniwersytetu Im. Adam Mickiewicza, 9. https://doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2019.9.04

Abstract

New technologies, as autonomous vehicles are, disrupt the way people exist, and con-sequently with human rights. Research devoted to artificial intelligence and robotics moves freely and the destination, for the time being, is unknown. This is the reason why special attention should be paid to the ethics of these branches of computer science in order to prevent the creation of a crisis point, when human beings are no longer neces-sary.. The aim of this paper is to examine whether such development is a new challenge to human rights law and what happens when an autonomous vehicle drives an autono-mous human being. The paper also mentions the desirable level of human control over the machine so that human dignity, from which human rights originate, is preserved.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ppuam.2019.9.04
pdf.

References

Asimov I., I Robot: Runaround, New York, 1942.

Beyst V., Project for Research on Speed Adaption Policies on European Roads Final report on Stakeholders Analysis, 2006 <https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/projects_sources/prosper_d2–4.pdf>.

Bostrom N., Yudkowsky E., The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, in: Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, eds. W. Ramsey, K. Frankish, Cambridge 2011.

Cauzard J. P. ed., SARTRE Report: European drivers and road risks, “Arcueil Cedex” 2004, p. 179.

Determann L., Perens B., Open Cars, “Berkeley Technology Law Journal” 2017, vol. 32, no. 915.

Glancy D. J., Privacy in Autonomous Vehicles, “Santa Clara Law Review” 2012, vol. 52, no. 1171, p. 1187.

Levin S., Wong J. C., Self-driving Uber kills Arizona Woman in first Fatal Crash Involving Pedestrian, 19.03.2018, <https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/19/ uber-self-driving-car-kills-woman-arizona-tempe>.

Naughton K., Just How Safe Is Driverless Car Technology, Really?, “Bloomberg”, 27 March 2018.

Rook A. M., Hogema J. H., van der Horst A. R. A., Intelligent Speed Adaption: Acceptance and Driver Behaviour on Rural Roads, “Proceedings ICTCT Workshop Tartu”, Soesterberg, 2004.

Salge Ch., Asimov’s Laws Won’t Stop Robots Harming Humans so We’ve Developed a Better Solution, “The Conversation”, 14.02.2017. <http://theconversation.com/asimovs-lawswont-stop-robots-harming-humans-so-weve-developed-a-better-solution-80569>.

Salge Ch., Polani D., Empowerment As Replacement for the Three Laws of Robotics, “Frontiers” 29 June 2017.

Sykora R., The Future of Autonomous Vehicle Technology as a Public Safety Tool, “Minnesota Journal of Law, Science and Technology” 2015, vol. 16, no. 811; P. Koopman, Autonomous Vehicles Safety: In Interdisciplinary Challenge, “IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine” 2017, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 90–96.

Tettamanti T., Varga I., Szalay Z., Impacts of Autonomous Cars from a Traffic Engineering Perspective, “Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering” 2016, p. 244–250.

Warren S. D., Brandeis L. D., The Right to Privacy, “Harvard Law Review”, 1890, vol. 4, no. 5

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, “Official Journal of the European Union”, 2012/C 326/02.

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions: On the road to automated mobility: An EU strategy for mobility of the future, 17.05.2018, Brussels, COM 2018, 283, p. 3.

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Artificial Intelligence for Europe, 25.04.2018, Brussels, COM, 2018, 237 final.

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, the Committee of the Regions: On the road to automated mobility: An EU strategy for mobility of the future, 17.05.2018, Brussels, COM, 2018, 283 final.

Directive 2002/85/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Council Directive 92/6/EEC on the installation and use of speed limitation devices for certain categories of motor vehicles in the Community, 05.11.2002, “Official Journal of the European Communities”, L 327.

Directive 92/6/EEC of the Council on the installation and use of speed limitation devices for certain categories of motor vehicles in the Community, 10.02.1992, “Official Journal of the European Communities”, L 57/27;

Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, on the framework for the deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems in the field of transport and for interfaces with other modes of transport, 07.07.2010, “Official Journal of the European Union”, L 207.

Draft Report of the Committee on Transport and Tourism of the European Parliament on autonomous driving in European transport, 20.07.2018, 2018/2089 INI.

Draft Report of the Committee on Transport and Tourism of the European Parliament on autonomous driving in European transport, 20.07.2018, 2018/2089 INI.

European Commission, High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence: Draft Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI, 18.12.2018.

European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Treaty Series 5.

European Parliamentary Research Service, A common EU Approach to Liability Rules and Insurance for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. European Added Value Assessment Accompanying the European Parliament’s Legislative Own-Initiative Report. Rapporteur: Mady Delvaux), “European Added Value Unit”, PE 615/635, February 2018.

Regulation 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC, 27.04.2016, “Official Journal of the European Union”, L 119.

Regulation EU 2015/758 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 concerning type-approval requirements for the deployment of the eCall in-vehicle system based on the 112 service and amending Directive 2007/46/EC, 19.05.2015, Official Journal of the European Union L 123/77.

United Nations Task Force on Cyber Security and Ober-the-Air issues, Draft Recommendation on Cyber Security of the Task Force on Cyber Security and Over-the-air issues of UNECE WP.29 GRVA.

<http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/economy/20190110STO23102/ self-driving-cars-in-the-eu-from-science-fiction-to-reality>.

<https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/specialist/knowledge/speed/new_ technologies_new_opportunities/intelligent_speed_adaptation_isa_en>.

<https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/driver>.

<https://www.euroncap.com/en/press-media/press-releases/testingautomation/>.

<https://www.techopedia.com/definition/190/artificial-intelligence-ai>.