Abstract
The aim of this article is to present the liability of Russia and Ukraine regarding Crimea under the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights. The author analyzes pending and possible prospective cases originating from the conflict around Crimea between Ukraine and Russia. Due to the inconsistency in case law of the EC-tHR it is difficult to clearly determine what state will be considered responsible for the violation of the rights of residents of Crimea resulting from the Convention. In author’s opinion the ECtHR could determine that the Russian Federation may be held respon-sible, as well as Ukraine. However, as it seems, the liability of Ukraine will be limited to the positive obligations under the ECHR.
References
Cwicinskaja N., Problem legalnoś́ci secesji Krymu w 2014 r. w ś́wietle prawa mię̨dzynarodowego, w Rewolucja w imię̨ godnoś́ci. Ukraiński Euromajdan 2013–2014, eds. G. Skrukwa, M. Studenna-Skrukwa, Toruń́ 2015, pp. 179–203.
Cwicinskaja N., The Legality and Certain Legal Consequences of the „Accession” of Crimea to the Russian Federation, „Polish Yearbook of International Law, 2014, XXXIV, p. 6668. Grant T. D., Aggression Against Ukraine. Territory, Responsibility, and International Law, Palgrave Macmillan 2015;
Grzebyk P., Aneksja Krymu przez Rosję w świetle prawa międzynarodowego, “Sprawy Międzynarodowe” 2014, no. 1.
Heintze H-J., On the Relationship Between Human Rights Law Protection and International Humanitarian Law, IRRC, December, 2004, vol. 86, no. 856, pp.805–809;
Kranz J., Kilka uwag na tle aneksji Krymu przez Rosję, “Państwo i Prawo” 2014, no. 8.
Lavrysen L., Human Rights in a Positive State. Rethinking the Relationship Between Positive and Negative Obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights, Cambridge – Antwerp – Portland 2016
Wallace S., Mallory C., Applying The European Convention On Human Rights To The Conflict In Ukraine, „Russian Law Journal” 2008, Vol. VI, Issue 3, pp. 38–41.
<http://base.garant.ru/184002/>.
<https://interfax.com.ua/news/general/564220.html>.
<https://lenta.ru/news/2014/04/25/granica/>.
<https://pravo.ru/news/208867/>; А.Kornia, ESPC perenes slushani-ja po delu «Ukraina protiv Rossii» po <https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2019/02/06/793466-ukraina-protiv-rossii>.
<https://ru.krymr.com/a/news-oleg-sencov-evropeyskiy-sud-po-pravam-chelove-ka/29715614.html>.
<https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_37868/>.
<https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art_1_ENG.pdf>.
<https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/InterStates_applications_ENG.pdf>. <https://www.ejiltalk.org/european-court-decides-that-israel-is-not-occupying-gaza/#more-13413>.
<https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/ukraine>;
<https://relief-web.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Crimea2014_2017_EN-1.pdf>.
<https://www.osce.org/odihr/report-of-the-human-rights-assessment-mission-on-crimea?download=true>.
<https://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/165691?download=true>.
<https://www.unn.com.ua/ru/exclusive/1776841-spravu-sentsova-i-kolchenka-v-yespl-vse-sche-vidkladeno>.
<https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2019/03/13/796360-rossiya-otvetila-na-voprosi-espch>.