Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
„Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza” są recenzowanym czasopismem naukowym wydawanym dwa razy w roku w odstępie półrocznym, afiliowanym przy Instytucie Filologii Polskiej Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu. Na łamach czasopisma ukazują się artykuły naukowe dotyczące lingwistycznych badań nad językiem polskim w różnych aspektach, nie wykluczając ujęć komparatystycznych. Czasopismo promuje wymianę myśli i wiedzy z zakresu polonistycznego czy szerzej slawistycznego językoznawstwa synchronicznego, diachronicznego i panchronicznego, takiego jak pragmalingwistyka, retoryka, socjolingwistyka, etnolingwistyka, lingwistyka antropologiczna, onomastyka, kultura językowa, komunikacja językowa, ewolucja systemu języka i historia języka. W czasopiśmie zamieszczane są także recenzje naukowe opublikowanych prac z zakresu językoznawstwa, zwłaszcza polonistycznego. Czasopismo nie pobiera żadnych opłat za zgłoszenie artykułu, proces recenzyjny oraz publikację artykułów. O CZASOPIŚMIE AKTUALNY NUMER ARCHIWUM INDEKSOWANE W: CEEOL, CEJSH, DOAJ, ERIH PLUS, Jisc Open Policy Finder (wcześniej Sherpa services), PKP Index, Google Scholar, WorldCat, ROAD, THE KEEPERS, ZDB, WIKIDATA, OPENALEX, EZB, CROSSREF, EBSCO Humanities Source Ultimate WSKAŹNIKI OCENY CZASOPISMA: Punktacja Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego (2024): 40 ICV 2023: 92.40 Statystyki: TUTAJ DOI: 10.14746/pspsj ISSN (Print): 1233-8672 ISSN (Online): 2450-4939 PRACE PUBLIKOWANE W CZASOPIŚMIE OD 2016 r. DOSTĘPNE SĄ NA LICENCJI CREATIVE COMMONS: Uznanie autorstwa - Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe. ARCHIWIZACJA Platforma PRESSto archiwizuje zawartość tego czasopisma w PKP Preservation Network (PKP PN), co zapewnia tworzenie elektronicznej kopii zapasowej i bezpieczeństwo dostępu do treści czasopisma. Czasopismo "Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza" jest zgodne ze standardami I40C dotyczącymi otwartych cytowań. WYDAWCA Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu FINANSOWANIE
Autorzy Autor oświadcza, że przysługują mu osobiste i majątkowe prawa autorskie do utworu publikowanego w czasopiśmie „Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza”, oraz że nie są one ograniczone w zakresie objętym umową autorską, oraz że utwór jest dziełem oryginalnym i nie narusza majątkowych lub osobistych praw autorskich innych osób, ani innych praw osób trzecich, w tym dóbr osobistych. Autor(zy) zachowują pełne prawa do dalszego, swobodnego rozporządzania utworem, udzielając Uniwersytetowi im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu niewyłącznej i nieodpłatnej licencji <a id="menur2h2" class="fui-Link ___1q1shib f2hkw1w f3rmtva f1ewtqcl fyind8e f1k6fduh f1w7gpdv fk6fouc fjoy568 figsok6 f1s184ao f1mk8lai fnbmjn9 f1o700av f13mvf36 f1cmlufx f9n3di6 f1ids18y f1tx3yz7 f1deo86v f1eh06m1 f1iescvh fhgqx19 f1olyrje f1p93eir f1nev41a f1h8hb77 f1lqvz6u f10aw75t fsle3fq f17ae5zn" title="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pl" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pl" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Link CC BY-ND 4.0 Międzynarodowe">CC BY-ND 4.0 Międzynarodowe na korzystanie z utworu bez ograniczeń terytorialnych przez czas nieokreślony na określonych umową autorską polach eksploatacji. Użytkownicy Zainteresowani użytkownicy internetu uprawnieni są do korzystania z utworów opublikowanych od 2016 roku w „Poznańskich Studiach Polonistycznych. Serii Językoznawczej” pod następującymi warunkami: uznanie autorstwa – obowiązek podania wraz z rozpowszechnionym utworem informacji, o autorstwie, tytule, źródle (odnośniki do oryginalnego utworu, DOI) oraz samej licencji; bez tworzenia utworów zależnych – utwór musi być zachowany w oryginalnej postaci, nie można bez zgody twórcy rozpowszechniać np. tłumaczeń, opracowań. Do wszystkich tekstów opublikowanych przed 2016 r. prawa autorskie są zastrzeżone. Inne Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu zachowuje prawo do czasopisma jako całości (układ, forma graficzna, tytuł, projekt okładki, logo itp.).
Profesor Andrzej Sieradzki – Uczony i Nauczyciel
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Ewa Nowak-Pasterska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Bibliografia prac Profesora Andrzeja Sieradzkiego
Bibliografia prac Profesora Andrzeja Sieradzkiego.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Przemysław Wiatrowski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
The Anatomy of Charisma: Reflections on Political Language and Leadership in Light of Nataliya Petlyuchenko’s Study
Review of the Monograph The Linguistics of Charisma by Nataliya Petlyuchenko
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Ewelina Woźniak-Wrzesińska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Czasowniki i kolokacje wyrażające spożywanie posiłków w języku bośniackim i polskim
The article discusses verbs and collocations expressing the act of eating meals in Bosnian and Polish, e.g. doručkovati/jeść śniadanie (‘have breakfast’), kahvenisati/pić kawę, kawkować, kawoszyć (‘have coffee’). Four main semantic groups of verbs and collocations have been distinguished in the collected vocabulary: 1) indicating the consumption of main meals: doručkovati/jeść śniadanie, 2) referring to the consumption of additional meals, e.g. užinati/jeść podwieczorek (‘have afternoon tea’), 3) indicating the consumption of festive meals: iftariti/ there is no proper equivalent in the Polish standard language, so ‘eat a meal at the end of the all-day fast during Ramadan’, and 4) general, not indicating any specific meal, e.g. konzumirati/konsumować (‘consume’). The aim of the article is to semantically and equivalently develop the collected Bosnian and Polish material in order to present the similarities and differences visible in this semantic field. The material basis for this study was the dictionaries and corpora of both languages in question. The comparative method was used in the analysis to help present similarities and differences based on selected vocabulary from this semantic field. The analysis showed that Bosnian turned out to be more synthetic than Polish, which in turn seems to be more innovative, because in the system, alongside old forms that have a common origin with Bosnian forms, there are new forms, which is something not observed in Bosnian.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Magdalena Baer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Ingerencje Františka Ladislava Čelakovskiego w grafię fragmentów Psałterza floriańskiego
The author analyzes the graphics of the Florian Psalter used by the Czech Slavist František Ladislav Čelakovský, indicating the changes he made. The inclusion of this Polish language monument in the Czech edition of the Slavic chrestomathy section devoted to the Polish language was dictated by a practical purpose. The founding of the Department of Slavic Philology at the then University of Wrocław by F.L. Čelakovský forced the newly appointed professor to prepare teaching materials not only for teaching Polish, but also for teaching historical grammar of the Polish language. The popularity at that time of the newly discovered Polish Psalter and the imprecision of statements about the language of the Puławy Psalter forced Čelakovský to base his teaching process on the Florian Psalter. At the same time, taking into account the structure of students of Slavic studies in Wrocław, he was forced to take into account the specificity of the glottodidactic process.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Mieczysław Balowski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
„Widoki” i „opisy” w Obrazach z życia i natury Wincentego Pola
The Author discusses two ways of presenting broadly understood nature in Wincenty Pol’s (1807–1872) prose. Pol created views and descriptions. Views are subjective depictions of nature perceived through the senses of sight, smell and hearing. Pol used lexical and semantic figures of poetic expression to portray nature in views. Less known objects of nature were presented in descriptions, e.g. rivers, mountains and forests, which Pol would visit during his academic travels. Descriptions were objective and realistic. Pol resorted to academic terminology from geography, geology, biology and ethnography.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Władysława Bryła http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Nazwiska równe apelatywom na pograniczu polsko-ukraińskim – wybrane problemy
The study presents selected appellative surnames taken from the List of the Alumni of the Wisznice High School in Southern Podlasie. The adopted criterion for selection was the rule that an appellative from which a surname was formed has to indicate – through its linguistic form or semantics – that it is a Ukrainism/Ruthenism. The analysis of the anthroponymic and lexicological material applies the method of comparative grammar, enriched with the dialectological method and complemented with the method of linguistic geography, with the analyzed surnames (Gładun/Gładuń, Haliburda, Hałaburda, Hładun, Hołod, Hołownia) juxtaposed with their corresponding anthroponyms in Poland and in Ukraine. The conclusions drawn from the analysis indicate that the surnames taken into consideration are anthroponyms typical of the Polish-Ukrainian/East Slavic borderland. One of the features of the linguistic borderland is the semantic variantivity of lexemes transferred onto the level of proper names. Another conclusion is that the surnames isolated during the analysis were formed from lexemes that have the status of peripheral archaisms.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Feliks Czyżewski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Eponimy w edukacji językowo-kulturowej cudzoziemców uczących się polszczyzny
The subject of the discussion is the characteristics of the structure and meaning of eponyms and their importance in the glottodidactic process. The authors indicate the most important research proposals and problems that result from the borderline character of these lexemes, situated between proper names and appellative lexis. Eponyms as words derived from proper names, created in the process of apellativisation can also serve as an important source of cultural information. Therefore, they may be an interesting source of their introduction at various levels of the didactics of Polish as a foreign language; however, a review of the available textbooks leads to the conclusion that eponymic lexis is scarcely present in the didactics of Polish as a foreign or second language. The authors reflect on the reason for this absence, while showing the didactic potential of eponyms.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Magdalena Graf, Ewa Nowak-Pasterska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Z dziejów wykładników kwantyfikacji. Rzeczowniki odliczebnikowe z sufiksami -ka i -ek
The article is devoted to the problems associated with historical word formation. It explores the evolution of denumeral nouns (formed from collective and cardinal numerals) by means of the suffixes -ek and -ka (cf. e.g. czwórka, dziewiątka, dziesiątek). Along with numerals and other classes of nouns they enter the process of expressing various kinds of quantification. The changes within these formations and their bases are strictly interrelated. The history of the Polish language reveals a slow expansion of the word-formative model in question, which coincides in a natural manner with the crystallisation of the class of numerals and the transformations of their syntactic and inflectional properties. It is these processes that paved the way for the formations with -ka and -ek. These nouns are polysemic in nature, they may indicate number, collectivity or the attributes of objects. The article points out the evolution of the two former senses – the most important ones, which are, contrary to what may appear, changeable in terms of their historical development, cf, e.g. the early dziewiątek złotych, sześć dziesiątków lat. It is worth pointing out that in some contexts the derivatives in question may perform the same function as that of a numeral – both a cardinal and a collective numeral. The research is largely based on the material drawn from dictionaries and linguistic corpora.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Aleksandra Janowska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Składnia imiesłowów przysłówkowych uprzednich w Pamiętnikach Jana Chryzostoma Paska i w tłumaczeniu Pamiętników przez Zenona Gołaszewskiego
The article is devoted to the syntax of the perfect adverbial participle in Pamiętniki (Memoirs) of Jan Chryzostom Pasek and its place in the modern Polish language. An attempt has been made to make a comparative analysis of the mentioned Old Polish work with its translation into modern Polish by Zenon Gołaszewski. With the help of a modern grammatical approach, the syntactic use of the perfect adverbial participle by Pasek was classified. In addition, the article describes what equivalents Gołaszewski used in place of these forms when he decided to make a substitution and why. The objective was to see if Pasek’s archaic use of the perfect adverbial participle can hinder the reading and reception of his work. The rather unambiguous conclusions of this analysis may be a prevailing argument in the contemporary debate on the validity of producing translations of Old Polish works into modern Polish and revising views on the reading list.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Weronika Kajpust http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
O stylotwórczej funkcji formacji rzeczownikowych z przyrostkiem -ość w Psałterzu Dawidowym Mikołaja Reja (1543)
The aim of the analyses presented in this article is to determine the stylistic conditions associated with the distribution of noun formations with the suffix -ość in Mikołaj Rej’s Psałterz Dawidów (David’s Psalter) from 1543. The conducted observations reveal that Rej employed such abstract nouns to shape the stylistic and linguistic layer of his prose translation. In line with general 16th-century tendencies, Rej used these formations not only as means of artistic expression, but also to construct the semantic level of the Psalter’s text. This included avoiding concrete expressions in favor of general, timeless, and universal terms – an approach that softened the harshness of the psalmist’s realist narrative. He further utilized nomina essendi as markers of hyperbole and superlative expression, aiming to evoke emotional responses and enhance the expressiveness of the utterance. These derivatives also served a rhythmic function in the prose paraphrase, imitating external features of Hebrew poetry. This latter function is particularly noticeable: the translator not only grouped morphologically similar nouns in close proximity but also paid attention to their syntactic placement to maximize the text’s sound qualities. These auditory effects were further reinforced by the inflectional endings shared by the analyzed derivatives. Rej’s individual preferences regarding noun formations demonstrate his refined stylistic sensitivity, presenting him as an artist who consciously shaped the stylistic dimension of the translated text by skillfully exploiting the derivational and even inflectional potential (e.g., his fondness for plural forms of abstract nouns) of 16th-century Polish.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Danuta Kowalska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Źwierzę w Kronice, to jest historyi świata Marcina Bielskiego (1564)
The aim of the article is to show how the lexeme źwierzę (animal) functions in the first Polish-language history of the world, published for the third time in 1564 and edited by Marcin Bielski, entitled Kronika, to jest historyja świata (The Chronicle, That Is the History of the World). The analysis shows that the word źwierzę and its derivatives appear in the Kronika when naming fauna that both actually existed and was legendary; they are used by Bielski as generalizing names (hyperonyms) and individual names; their inflectional forms reflect the norm of the time. It is necessary to emphasize the relationship between the human and animal worlds that emerges from the presented remarks, indicating a partial departure from anthropomorphism, and the fact that the meaning of the word źwierzę and its derivatives is limited primarily to mammals, which in turn is consistent with the linguistic image of animals characteristic of general Polish and is still in use today.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Dorota Kozaryn http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Imiona nadawane dzieciom pozostawionym w Szpitalu Dzieciątka Jezus w Warszawie w 1870 roku – spojrzenie socjoonomastyczne
The article examines the names of 917 abandoned children at the Infant Jesus Hospital in Warsaw in 1870. A total of 123 female and 131 male names were analyzed for frequency, origin and motivation. The study tests J.S. Bystroń’s hypothesis that illegitimate children – who dominated in the orphanage – were given stigmatizing names. However, a comparison with names given to all children in Warsaw in 1870–1871 shows that this hypothesis lacks support. The naming patterns of abandoned children do not differ significantly from general naming trends. Minor differences are linked to the specific context of naming in the shelter. Some naming motivations were identified (e.g. the popularity of Anna), while others remain unclear (e.g. Onufry, given six times, yet absent elsewhere that year). The study also shows an effort to preserve ties to the mothers’ names when available. Notably, calendar-based naming played only a small role. Since the naming of abandoned children has received little attention in onomastic research, these archival records provide valuable insights and open new directions for study.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Monika Kresa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Wyrażenie persona grata ‛osoba mile widziana, pożądana’ w językach słowiańskich na tle wyrażenia persona non grata ‛osoba niemile widziana, niepożądana’
The expressions persona grata and persona non grata (the latter evidenced mainly in its diplomatic meaning) are undoubtedly current in all Slavic languages, although for some of them they are not found in lexicographic sources used in the article. In the majority of Slavic languages, the expression persona non grata seems to occur more often than persona grata, a fact that can be gleaned from national corpora of Slavic language which the author managed to access for the purposes of this article. The fact that in the Russian language corpus the expression persona non grata only slightly prevails over persona grata, while in the Upper Sorbian language corpus there are more examples of persona grata than persona non grata, is particularly noteworthy.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Tadeusz Lewaszkiewicz http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Antroponimy w listach prywatnych Henryka Sienkiewicza na przykładzie nazw osobowych członków rodziny pisarza
The article contains a formal, functional and structural analysis of unofficial anthroponyms (names, nicknames) used by Sienkiewicz to refer to members of his family. The material, consisting of over 150 units, was collected by linear excerption from the entire preserved private correspondence of the writer, consisting of over 1,400 letters, which occupy approximately 3,000 pages of text in the Listy Sienkiewicza (Sienkiewicz’s letters) collection edited by Maria Bokszczanin. The correspondence was addressed to seven members of the writer’s closest family, i.e. three successive wives, two children, a sister-in-law and his younger sister. The repertoire of collected anthroponyms includes unofficial personal names, such as: Mańcia, Marylka, Maryluś, Marynia, Nadmarynia; Dzideczek, Dzidek, Dzidka, Dziduś, Dzidzio, Dzidziu, Dzidziuś and nicknames, e.g.: Frog, Kociątko, Kot, Kotek, Kurczątko, Przyjaciel, Sally, Salomon, Siostrzyczka, Sowietnik, Szarotka, Ziaba, Żaba, Żabeusz, Żabka, Żabu. Pani Żabińska. Particular attention was paid to word-forming phenomena, especially the formants by means of which Sienkiewicz transformed the official metrical form of a name into an unusual, original and emotionally charged proper name denoting a close person. The study also takes into account the relationship of name-forming acts with the writer’s extralinguistic family reality.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Leonarda Mariak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Interakcjonistyczna interpretacja dyskursu klinicznego pomiędzy dwujęzycznym logopedą a dwujęzycznym dzieckiem
The subject of the article is the analysis of free unplanned conversations (9 records) between a bilingual speech therapist and bilingual children living in the area in Chicago. The author interprets these conversations as a manifestation of clinical discourse. The methodological framework of the study is the theory of symbolic interactionism. In its perspective, the so-called negotiation of meanings in conversations between a child and a speech therapist was interpreted, also by means of the conversational analysis research method. It was used to identify microstrategies occurring in the dialogues of an adult and a child. The study showed that the subject of negotiation of meanings in the clinical discourse between a bilingual speech therapist and a child is code-switching between Polish and English. The proposed work fits into the interactionist trend of speech therapy research in relation to the bilingualism of the speech therapist and the Polish child, which fills the gap in research on Polish speech therapy. The conclusions may be useful not only for speech therapists-theoreticians, but also practitioners interested in communication with a bilingual child.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Rafał Młyński http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Polish as an Element of the Linguistic Landscape of the Specific Urban Space of Ostrava
The subject of observation and subsequent analysis is primarily a static approach to examining the linguistic landscape (LL), focusing on public signs and spoken (audio) announcements in Polish recorded by the author in the form of photographs and audio recordings within the city of Ostrava, specifically at the Poruba Outdoor Swimming Pool. The author’s aim was to assess how language reflects the broader context of the development of ethnicity and current language dynamics. Therefore, a qualitative approach to the linguistic material was also of interest, with the goal of diagnosing, understanding and comparing indicators of LL in relation to several thematic areas – tourism, Czech merchants’ and service providers’ communication with customers in Polish and the LL in the city in general. The interest was also in the hierarchy of linguistic messages, their placement and whether they are monolingual, polyphonic or mixed.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Jiří Muryc http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
K problematice ustálených verbo-nominálních jednotek v biblické frazeologii ve vztahu k jejich původu a evropskému kontextu: na příkladě výrazu „mít víru“
The study examines biblical phraseology as a cultural-historical phenomenon in which the original biblical texts have, over many centuries and generations, transferred both traditional phraseological units and structural established patterns of constructions, such as some verb phrases with abstract nouns, into the languages of the Bible’s translations. Already present in the original Byzantine Greek text, they are distinguished by their idiomatic nature and represent the so-called quasi-phraseological units. Units of this kind could be formed usually by frequently used words, such as some verbs with a tendency to desemantization like the verbs “have”, “get”, “give”, as well as commonly used and well-known abstract nouns like “faith”, “hope”, “feeling” etc. Their occurrence has subsequently been accepted and reduplicated in a number of languages as it is evident from the first translation efforts through early Renaissance and humanist versions. The use of such idiomatic structures has penetrated spontaneously from the language of the canonical texts into the common standard.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Mira Načeva-Marvanová http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Nazwiska patronimiczne szlachty na -owicz, -ewicz w starostwie grabowieckim od XVI do XVIII wieku
The surnames of nobility with the suffixes -owicz//-ewicz in starosty district of Grabowiec have been analyzed in the article. The source database used in the article contains the municipal books of Grabowiec from 16th to the 18th centuries. On the base of analyzed material it can be concluded that gentry anthroponyms with suffixes -owicz//-ewicz have two-piece form (name and surname). The basis for the surnames are first and foremost names, often church names, and nicknames
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Marek Olejnik http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Wariantywność nazwisk ewangelików w Zagórowie i okolicy na podstawie ksiąg chrztu z lat 1843–1856. Zmiany w zakresie spółgłosek
The aim of the article is to analyze surnames in terms of their variants in order to determine whether the onymic system was stabilized in this respect and what its nature was. The analyzed material comes from the civil registry records of Zagórów (Słupca district) from the years 1843–1856. Their author was Father Karol Orive. The variants of surnames are primarily determined by the mutual influence of the Polish and German languages. The text examines graphic and phonetic variants. The examined onymic system was based mainly on the principles of the German language with an admixture of Polish; however, it was not fully stable, which is reflected in the existence of variants and rare types. In line with German orthography, [č] was written as tsch, [š] as sch, while such changes as replacing th with t, removing double letters and making sonority and voicelessness visible were influenced by Polish. The instability of the system resulting from the competition between the two languages in question can be seen in the use of the letter z to denote [c] or [z] and the trouble with the notation [ś].
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Błażej Osowski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Słownictwo medyczne w „Dzienniku Urzędowym Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu” (pierwsza połowa XIX wieku)
In the preparation of this article, I resorted to the 19th-century official press, namely, to “Dziennik Urzędowy Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu” (Official Journal of the Royal Regency in Poznań). In the article, I concentrate on medical vocabulary recorded in this source. I understand the term medical vocabulary comprehensively. It comprises the names of: diseases and their symptoms, means of treating them, names of medicines, medical procedures, institutions providing healthcare and distributing medical supplies, names of patients and persons involved in treatment and healthcare. The vocabulary of the semantic-lexical field recorded in the Journal interpreted this way is varied as regards its origin, construction and social provenance. It contains borrowed names, predominantly from Latin and Greek, possessing the status of medical terms, less often from French; it also includes vernacular vocabulary belonging to the general literary or/and professional-medical language as well as some colloquial items. Some of the excerpted medical terms are one-word designations, but a significant part of them are two- or multi-word names. The medical terminology recorded attests to the lexical resource which was commonly known and understood at the time since the magazine was intended for a wide audience and was supposed to inform in a communicative way about current problems, including health-related ones.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Alicja Pihan-Kijasowa http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Odzwierciedlenie dwu postaw wobec pandemii w koronapolszczyźnie na przykładzie nazw koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2
The article concerns the names of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus used during the COVID-19 pandemic by Polish speakers representing two attitudes towards the threat – rationalists, who believe in the existence of the pandemic and respect the introduced restrictions, and negationists, who deny the existence of the pandemic and oppose the introduction of restrictions. The research material consists of internet texts collected by the authors in a database created while working on the book Koronapolszczyzna. Słownictwo czasu pandemii koronawirusa SARS-CoV-2 (Coronapolish. Vocabulary of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Pandemic) published in Poznań in 2024. It turned out that both emotionally neutral lexemes, used mainly by rationalists, and expressive vocabulary functioned as names for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. In terms of emotionally-tinged names, negationists created primarily words with a dismissive, contemptuous meaning and vulgarisms, while rationalists created words with a humorous meaning. All expressive words played a causative role during the pandemic – they were intended to help people come to terms with the difficult reality.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Anna Piotrowicz-Krenc, Małgorzata Witaszek-Samborska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Polszczyzna cieszyńska XIX wieku w kazaniach Józefa Schimki
Protestant sermons in Cieszyn Silesia constitute a rich source for the study of the language used in this area in the religious sphere. It is a regional variety of Polish, containing archaisms, dialectisms or words taken from Czech, which were most often given the sound form of the folk dialect of the time. The article presents an analysis of two texts written in the first half of the 19th century by Józef Franciszek Schimko, a pastor in Nawsie/Návsí (today’s Czech Rep.). Franciszek Schimko, son of Cieszyn pastor Samuel Schimko, left behind a rich legacy of sermons in Polish. The Museum of Protestantism in Cieszyn houses his manuscripts of Sunday and funeral sermons. The sermons written in Polish demonstrate a relatively high level of mastery of the Polish language of the time, especially in terms of inflection and word formation. However, his texts contain many elements typical of the language of the Cieszyn population, strongly associated with their everyday speech. The influence of the Czech language is also evident, especially in the area of vocabulary.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Jana Raclavská http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Przenikanie języków i kultur w średniopolskiej antroponimii Krakowa (XVI–XVIII wiek)
This article explores the influence of external (foreign) contacts, various languages and cultures on the anthroponymy (surnames) of Kraków’s inhabitants during the Early Modern Polish period. Kraków’s ties with other countries and nations are reflected in certain surname forms, which, as they assimilated into Polish, underwent various adaptation processes – adjusting to native pronunciation and orthography, and conforming to Polish inflectional and word-formation norms. This led to the emergence of distinctive linguistic derivatives (hybrids) – familial forms created using systematic Polish surname-forming suffixes. It is of particular interest how extralinguistic factors – such as social evolution, urban development, foreign interactions, customs, behavioral patterns, and family traditions – shaped the linguistic form of surnames, their lexical origins, and the application of different surname types for identifying various social categories. As research into this fascinating material has shown, the intermingling of different languages and cultures, evident in the anthroponymy of Kraków during the Middle Polish period, occurred in many diverse aspects – not only formal and structural, but also within a broader cultural, sociopolitical and other contexts. Surnames of foreign origin, rooted in the Polish anthroponymic inventory (in various configurations), point to the numerous international connections of Kraków at the time, thus marking an integral part of its history.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Elżbieta Rudnicka-Fira http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
„Język śląski” – czyli o mieszaniu porządków
This article provides an overview of the complex situation surrounding ongoing efforts to legalise Silesian as a regional language. The debate on this issue is multifaceted, involving an interplay of scientific, political and social dimensions. This mixing of orders leads to a deconstruction of traditional concepts such as language and dialect. Two primary positions emerge in the academic discussion. The traditional view, grounded in linguistic arguments, classifies Silesian as a dialect of the Polish language. In contrast, the opposing view, based on socio-political considerations, asserts that the former Silesian dialect has evolved into a language distinct from Polish. The most accurate perspective for describing the current situation seems to be an intermediate one. According to this view, Silesian, due to its rich body of literature and presence in the public sphere, has transcended the boundaries of a dialect. It now meets the criteria of a regiolect, which will continue to undergo codification and normative development – though this will be a long-term process.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Mirosława Siuciak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Językowo-kulturowy obraz wdowieństwa w polszczyźnie ogólnej
The stereotype of widowhood was shaped centuries ago, initially and primarily concerning widows, with widowers being included much later. Its reflection can be found in lexicon, phraseology and paremiography. It has been popularized in literature and artistically reproduced: the widow is generally discredited, while the widower is often valorized, regardless of his financial status, age or family relationships. Despite civilizational progress and the widely-promoted equality ideologies, we would not, in the first instance, entrust our financial assets to them (widows and widowers); they remain somewhat reserved. Widows are often seen taking care of the home and children. Both widows and widowers are deemed suitable for undertaking the demanding and difficult care for the chronically ill. In the functioning phraseology and proverbs related to widowhood, we find one unequivocally positive expression, wdowi grosz (“widow’s mite”), of biblical origin. The analysis of the linguistic image of widowhood found in proverbs, idioms and phrases was conducted primarily using material from the four-volume Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych polskich (New book of Polish proverbs and proverbial expressions), published between 1969 and 1978, edited by Julian Krzyżanowski, and from the two-volume Słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego (Phraseological dictionary of the Polish language) by Stanisław Skorupka from 1974. Additional studies and Polish language dictionaries were also used as supplementary sources. Both the portrayal of widowhood in classic literature and the results of a survey confirmed the persistence of its stereotype.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Elżbieta Skorupska-Raczyńska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
The article is an analysis of the gesture of bowing in the Old Testament. A bow as a sign of homage and respect paid to God and to people of power and authority is also an axis of a multilayer communication act whose description often contains information about locution and the force of illocution. In contrast to the formalization which bows underwent in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church after Vaticanum Secundum, (v. Addendum), the gesture became banal in modern everyday life, but the word denoting it has gained a new reified meaning in the Polish language.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Kamilla Termińska http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (1582) Macieja Stryjkowskiego w perspektywie językoznawczej – stan i perspektywy badań (na przykładzie nazw żeńskich)
This article discusses the state of research on the 16th-century chronicle Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia) by Maciej Stryjkowski, first published in 1582. Linguistic research to date (earlier studies by Zenon Klemensiewicz, Maria Karpluk, Karol and Zofia Zierhoffer and more recent studies – Olga Gaiseniuk’s doctoral thesis) has focused primarily on the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and onymic layer of the text, and to a lesser extent on the problem of the influence of other languages (Latin and Ruthenian languages) on the Polish language of the text. Using feminine names as an example, it is shown that the lexical material of the text can contribute to research in cultural linguistics. The role of women in ancient societies, although important and recognised by modern researchers, is not always sufficiently visible. This may be due to the range of themes and topics taken up in a given text, as is the case with Stryjkowski’s chronicle dominated by war issues, traditionally reserved mainly for men. In conclusion, the most important linguistic research perspectives on the text in question are indicated: pragmatic and discursive conditions as well as cross-cultural contexts related to social and moral transformations.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Rafał Zarębski http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
Nazwy stopni pokrewieństwa i powinowactwa rodzinnego w gwarach zachodniej Wielkopolski
In this article, the names of the degree of kinship and affinity of the family in the western parts of Greater Poland were analyzed, paying attention to the changes that have occurred in the analyzed group of lexis in the studied area over more than 50 years, i.e. since the 1970s, when field research was carried out for the Atlas języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski (Atlas of Greater Poland’s Folk Language and Culture), until the present. The Atlas material was compared with the lexical data that the author collected in 2024 at selected Atlas locations or near them. The analysis covered 27 terms of family relations and showed that transformations are occurring among this group of lexis. Some names are still used (where they were used before or in other locations), some have disappeared, and new names have appeared as well.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Iwona Żuraszek-Ryś http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0