Abstract
The study examines how a regional university, having recently overseen a dramatic internationalization, deals with the consequences of COVID-19, and how the students - many of whom are international and coming from the global peripheries - experience the pandemic. The study is informed by the critical theory of late modernity and capitalism - especially the theory of uncertainty and risk (Beck, 1992; Beck, Giddens, & Lash 1994). It explores the power relations of the communicative dynamic between the administrators managing the crisis and the students perceiving and living it. It is an early-stage research report, published days after a pilot study was run. A survey among international students (including local, tuition-fee paying, and exchange students) was distributed to obtain initial responses. The analysis is complemented by insights based on close observation of the unfolding situation and analysis of the documents issued by the university. The findings explain the uncertainty experienced by international students, characteristic of many CE universities. The study covers the topics of attitudes towards epidemics, information imbalance, perception of security, and evaluation of the responses. The paper concludes with an urgent call to recently internationalized universities for a recognition of the complexity of students’ fears.
References
Beck, Ulrich. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London and New York: Sage.
Beck, Ulrich. 2010. "Remapping social inequalities in an age of climate change: for a cosmopolitan renewal of sociology." Global Networks 10.2: 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2010.00281.x
Beck, Ulrich, Anthony Giddens, & Scott Lash. 1994. Reflexive modernization: Politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1988). Homo Academicus. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Carrigan, Mark. 2020. “The Platform University and COVID-19.” Discover Society. Retrieved 09.04.2020 (https://discoversociety.org/2020/04/07/the-platform-university-and-covid-19/).
Denney, David. 2005. Risk and Society. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Giddens, Anthony. 1991. Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Giddens, Anthony. 2013. New rules of sociological method: A positive critique of interpretative sociologies. London: John Wiley & Sons.
Holmwood, John and Chaime Marcuello Servos. 2019. "Challenges to Public Universities: Digitalisation, Commodification and Precarity." Social Epistemology 33(4): 309-320.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2019.1638986
Hsu, Eric L. & Anthony Elliott. 2015. “Social acceleration theory and the self.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 45(4): 397-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.1207
Huber, Michael. 2011. The risk university: Risk identification at higher education institutions in England. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved April 9, 2020 (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/38891/1/The_risk_university_Risk_identification_at_higher_education_institutions_in_England.pdf).
Lupton, Deborah. 1994. Moral threats and dangerous desires: AIDS in the news media. London: Routledge.
Pieri, Elisa. 2020. “Radical uncertainty, sociology and the social impacts of pandemic preparedness on citizens.” Discover Society. Retrieved March 22, 2020 (https://discoversociety.org/2020/03/21/radical-uncertainty-sociology-and-the-social-impacts-of-pandemic-preparedness-on-citizens/).
Robertson, Susan L. and Christopher Muellerleile. 2016. “Universities, the Risk Industry and Capitalism: A Political Economy Critique.” Pp. 122-139 in A European Politics of Education? Perspectives from Sociology, Policy Studies and Politics, edited by Romuald Normand and Jean Louis Derouet. London and New York: Routledge.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Edukacji Narodowej z dnia 11 marca 2020 r. w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania jednostek systemu oświaty w związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Regulation of the Minister of National Education of 11 March 2020 on the temporary limitation of the functioning of educational system units in connection with the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 11 marca 2020 r. w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania niektórych podmiotów systemu szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki w związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 11 March 2020 on the temporary limitation of the functioning of some entities in the higher education and science system in relation to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 12 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie dyplomów doktorskich, dyplomów habilitacyjnych i legitymacji doktoranta (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 12 March 2020 amending the regulation on doctoral diplomas, habilitation diplomas and doctoral student ID)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 12 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie studiów (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of March 12, 2020 amending the regulation on studies)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 16 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania niektórych podmiotów systemu szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki w związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 16 March 2020 amending the regulation on the temporary limitation of the functioning of certain entities in the higher education and science system in relation to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 23 marca 2020 r. w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania niektórych podmiotów systemu szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki w związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 23 March 2020 on the temporary limitation of the functioning of some entities in the higher education and science system in relation to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego z dnia 25 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie czasowego ograniczenia funkcjonowania niektórych podmiotów systemu szkolnictwa wyższego i nauki w związku z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Regulation of the Minister of Science and Higher Education of 25 March 2020 amending the regulation on the temporary limitation of the functioning of certain entities in the higher education and science system in relation to the prevention, prevention and combating of COVID-19)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 11 marca 2020 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie wykazu chorób powodujących powstanie obowiązku hospitalizacji (Regulation of the Minister of Health of March 11, 2020 amending the regulation on the list of diseases that cause hospitalization)
Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 13 marca 2020 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia na obszarze Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej stanu zagrożenia epidemicznego (Regulation of the Minister of Health of March 13, 2020 regarding the announcement of an epidemic emergency in the territory of the Republic of Poland, position 433)
Sin, Cristina, Dominik Antonowicz, & Jannecke Wiers-Jenssen Attracting. 2019. “International Students to Semi-peripheral Countries: A Comparative Study of Norway, Poland and Portugal.” Higher Education Policy 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-019-00135-3
Tufekci, Zeynep. 2020. "It Wasn’t Just Trump Who Got It Wrong. America’s coronavirus response failed because we didn’t understand the complexity of the problem." The Atlantic. Retrieved March 25, 2020 (https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2020/03/what-really-doomed-americas-coronavirus-response/608596/).
Ustawa z dnia 2 marca 2020 r. o szczególnych rozwiązaniach związanych z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19, innych chorób zakaźnych oraz wywołanych nimi sytuacji kryzysowych (The Act of March 2, 2020 on special solutions related to the prevention, prevention and eradication of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and crisis situations caused by them)
Waltner-Toews, David, Annibale Biggeri, Bruna De Marchi, Silvio Funtowicz, Mario Giampietro, Martin O’Connor, Jerome R. Ravetz, Andrea Saltelli, and Jeroen P. van der Sluijs. 2020. "Post-Normal Pandemics: Why Covid-19 Requires a New Approach To Science." Discover Society. Retrieved March 28, 2020 (https://discoversociety.org/2020/03/27/post-normal-pandemics-why-covid-19-requires-a-new-approach-to-science/).
Woodcock, Jamie. 2018. "Digital labour in the university: understanding the transformations of academic work in the UK." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 16(1): 129-142. https://doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v16i1.880
Ye, Rebecca. 2020. "Student migration during a global health pandemic." Discover Society. Retrieved March 27, 2020 (https://discoversociety.org/2020/03/26/student-migration-during-a-global-health-pandemic/).
License
Manuscript authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permissions for any copyrighted materials included within manuscripts. The authors must provide permission letters, when appropriate, to the Society Register Editors.
In addition, all published papers in Society Register are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
1.1 The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person. The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
1.2. The Publisher warrants that is the owner of the PRESSto platform for open access journals, hereinafter referred to as the PRESSto Platform.
2. The Author grants the Publisher non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern CC BY-NC 4.0 as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons.
3. The Author grants the Publisher permission to reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
4. The Author grants the Publisher permission to send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases.
5. The Author represents that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Publisher is entitled and obliged to:
5.1. allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made, based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Creative Commons sub-license or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons;
5.2. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.3. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
6. Because of the royalty-free provision of services of the Author (resulting from the scope of obligations stipulated in the present Agreement), the Author shall not be entitled to any author’s fee due and payable on the part of the Publisher (no fee or royalty is payable by the Publisher to the Author).
7.1. In the case of third party claims or actions for indemnity against the Publisher owing to any infractions related to any form of infringement of intellectual property rights protection, including copyright infringements, the Author is obliged to take all possible measures necessary to protect against these claims and, when as a result of legal action, the Publisher, or any third party licensed by the Publisher to use the Work, will have to abandon using the Work in its entirety or in part or, following a court ruling in a legal challenge, to pay damages to a third party, whatever the legal basis
7.2. The Author will immediately inform the Publisher about any damage claims related to intellectual property infringements, including the author’s proprietary rights pertaining to a copyrighted work, filed against the Author. of liability, the Author is obliged to redress the damage resulting from claims made by third party, including costs and expenditures incurred in the process.
7.3. To all matters not settled herein provisions of the Polish Civil Code and the Polish Copyright and Related Rights Act shall apply.