Abstract
The engagement of young people is already considered essential for preservation and promotion of culture heritage. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the European Commission, national governments and numerous organisations have undertaken a series of initiatives and projects that are aimed at engaging young people in the preservation and promotion of cultural values from the international level to the local ones. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the role of youth in cultural heritage preservation and promotion in a local area, after considering the importance of their engagement. The research has been conducted on the basis of quantitative and qualitative data, which has been collected from primary and secondary sources. A survey is conducted in a local urban area (the city of Korça) that is rich in cultural heritage. This city is located in the south-eastern part of Albania. The data gathered through the questionnaire was later coded and analysed using SPSS v. 20 software. Based on the results of the research, the engagement of youth, especially students, in maintenance of archaeological sites, museums and libraries, training culture programs, guide walk tourist itineraries and participation in local heritage projects, enhance not only their awareness concerning heritage values, but also contributes towards their preservation and promotion. It is observed from the survey that the level of awareness of young people interviewed is higher among those who have been engaged in projects and cultural activities for preservation and promotion of heritage values. In terms of willingness expressed by young people, it is important to emphasise the role that education system, youth and heritage organisations and national and local government ought to play in encouraging the initiatives that involve more young people in heritage activities and projects.
Funding
This study was undertaken at the initiative of the Geography Lecturers of Fan S. Noli University and was carried out in collaboration with two authors from other fields. It is not supported by any funding source. The authors would like to thank the high school teachers, students of the three public high schools in the city of Korça, students of the department of History and Geography as well as students and other young people who collaborated completing the survey.
References
Bland J.M., Altman D.G., 1997. Statistics, notes: Cronbach’s alpha. BMJ 314: 572. DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.572.
CE [Council of Europe], 2005. Convention on Values of Cultural Heritage for Society. Faro, Portugal. Council of Europe Treaty Series – No. 199: 1–9. Online: rm.coe.int/1680083746 (accessed February 28, 2021).
CE [Council of Europe], 2018. European Cultural Heritage Strategy of 21st Century. Council of Europe, 1–83. Online: rm.coe.int/european-heritage-strategy-for-the-21st-century-strategy-21-full-text/16808ae270 (accessed February 28, 2021).
Chapuis M., Lydon A., Brandt-Grau A. (eds), 2009. Preserving our heritage, improving our environment. Vol. II Cultural heritage research: FP5, FP6 and related projects. European Communities, 2–243. Online: http://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/7pc/doc/1263283040_20years_cultural_heritage_vol2_en.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
CRCA [Child Rights Centre Albania], 2018. Youth in Albania: Report and National Index of Assessment for Implementation of National Action Plan for Youth in Albania. CRCA Shqipëri 2018. 3–65. Online: www.crca.al/sites/default/files/publications/YOUTH%20IN%20ALBANIA%202015-2017.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
CRCA/ECPAT Albania, [Child Rights Centre Albania], 2020. Raporti Kombëtar: Rinia në Shqipëri 2020. CRCA/ECPAT Shqipëri. 2–48. Online: www.crca.al/sites/default/files/publications/RAPORTI%20TE%20RINJTE%20NE%20SHQIPERI%202019-2020_0.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
EC [European Commission], 2018. Youth for Heritage: Young People Bringing New Life to Heritage. Online: europa.eu/cultural-heritage/sites/eych/files/3-youth-for-heritage-10-european-initiatives-factsheet_en.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
Escribano-Miralles A., Martínez P.M., Serrano-Pastor F.J., 2020. Heritage and Museums as Objects of Education for Citizenship in the Teaching of History. In: E.J.Delgado-Algarra, J.M.Cuenca-López (eds), Handbook of Research on Citizenship and Heritage Education, IGI Global, Information Science Reference, Hershey: 103–125. DOI 10.4018/978-1-7998-1978-3.ch006.
FCAPT [Faro Convention Action Plan Team], 2018. The Faro Convention Action Plan Handbook 2018–2019. Faro Convention Network 1–30. Online: rm.coe.int/faro-convention-action-plan-handbook-2018-2019/168079029c (accessed February 28, 2021).
Gesche-Koning N., 2018. Research for CULT Committee-Education in Culture Heritage. European Parliament, Policy Department for Structural and Cohesion Policies, Brussels: 3–50. Online: www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2018/617486/IPOL_STU(2018)617486_EN.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
Hani U., Azzadina I., Sianipar C.P.M., Setyagung E.H., Ishii T., 2012. Preserving cultural heritage through creative industry: A lesson from Saung Angklung Udjo. Procedia Economics and Finance 4: 193–200. DOI 10.1016/S2212-5671(12)00334-6.
Jagielska-Burduk A., Stec P., 2019. Council of Europe Cultural Heritage and Education Policy: Preserving identity and searching for a common core? Revista Electronica Interuniversitaria de Formacion del Profesorado 22(1): 1–12. DOI 10.6018/reifop.22.1.354641.
Karadeniz C.B., 2020. Assessment for awareness and perception of the cultural heritage of geography students. Review of International Geographical Education 10(1): 40–64. DOI 10. 33 403 rigeo.640722.
KM [Këshilli i Ministrave], 2018. Ligji Për Trashëgiminë Kulturore dhe Muzetë. (Low For Cultural Heritage and Museums) Kuvendi i Republikës së Shqipërisë. Online: kultura.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Ligji.nr27-_dt.17-05-2018.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
Menkshi E., 2014. Trashëgimia Kulturore në Funksion të Zhvillimit të Qarkut Korçë. PhD Dissertation, MS, Universiteti i Tiranës, Tiranë.
Menkshi E., 2020. Trashëgimia Kulturore dhe Natyrore e Qarkut Korçë, Vlerat dhe Përdorimi turistik. Promo Print, Korçë: 120–140.
Menkshi E., Braholli E., 2019. The mapping and evaluation of cultural and creative industry in Korca City. Knowledge International Journal 35(3): 799–804.
Menkshi E., Braholli E., 2020. Urban tourism development and tourist survey in Korça City. Knowledge International Journal 40(1): 237–242.
MESR [Ministria e Arsimit, Sporteve dhe Rinisë], 2017. Kurrikula me Zgjedhje, Lënda Gjeografi. MESR. Tiranë: 2–46.
MESR [Ministria e Arsimit, Sporteve dhe Rinisë], 2019. Kurrikula Bazuar në Kompetenca, Lënda Gjeografi, Klasa e IX. MESR.Tiranë: 2–79.
MK [Ministria e Kulturës], 2019. Strategjia Kombëtare për Kulturën 2019–2025. Tiranë.
MMSR [Ministria e Mirëqënies Sociale dhe Rinisë], 2015. Plani Kombëtar për Rininë, 2015–2020. MMSR. Tiranë. Online: www.un.org.al/sites/default/files/plani%20kombetar%20i%20veprimit%20per%20rinine%202015-2020_Shqip.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
MTKR [Ministria e Turizmit, Kulturës dhe Rinisë], 2006. Srategjia Kombëtare e Rinisë (2007–2013). MTKR. Tiranë: 3–86.
MTM [Ministria e Turizmit dhe Mjedisit], 2018. Turizmi në shifra 2018. Tiranë.
Peci D., Nikolli X., 2017. Vështrim mbi politikat rinore ne Shqipëri. Analizë në nivel qendror dhe lokal 2015–2019.Tiranë.
Selenica E., 1982. Korça në faqet e historisë. 8 Nëntori 3–64.
Spiridon P., Kosic M., Tuci B., 2014. Cre–Active Youth Promoting Cultural Heritage for Tomorrow. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research. Online: www.researchgate.net/publication/305490149 (accessed February 28, 2021).
UE [European Union], 2011. The Preservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage in Mediterranean. Online: cor.europa.eu/en/engage/studies/Documents/preservation-cultural-heritage-mediterranean.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
UN [United Nations], (n.d.). Culture and Youth Development. United Nation. Online: www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/youth-cultureasavector.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 1972. Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Online: whc.unesco.org/en/convention (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 2003. Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Online: http://orcp.hustoj.com/convention-for-the-safeguarding-of-the-intangible-cultural-heritage-2003/ (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], (n.d.). Strengthening the role of youth in heritage safeguarding and cultural tourism development in CIS countries (2014–2017). Online: http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Moscow/pdf/MP1-ED/BROCHURE_FINAL_en_03.pdf (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 2019. Community based inventory of ICH in Albania with a view to safeguarding and transmitting to future generations. Online: ich.unesco.org/en/assistances/community-based-inventory-of-ich-in-albania-with-a-view-to-safeguarding-and-transmitting-to-future-generations-01253 (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 2020a. Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage and the Register of good safeguarding practices. Online: http://ich.unesco.org/en/lists (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 2020b. World Heritage List. Online: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/ (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], (n.d.). World Heritage Education Programme. Online: http://whc.unesco.org/en/wheducation/ (accessed February 28, 2021).
UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], 2019. Engaging youth for inclusive and sustainable Europe. Online: ich.unesco.org/en/engaging-youth-for-an-inclusive-and-sustainable-europe-01051 (accessed February 28, 2021).
Yahaya A., 2006. The scope and definition of heritage: From tangible to intangible. International Journal of Heritage 12(3): 292–300. DOI 10.1080/13527250600604639.