Keywords
coastal region
coastal migration
innovation activity
Russia
How to Cite
Abstract
Coastalisation is a widely known concept that builds on the global urbanisation of the world’s marine and ocean coasts. In this paper, the degree of coastalisation of the Russian regions is analysed using a variety of parameters, including population numbers and gross regional products, indicating the accumulation of human activity in the coastal regions against the less densely populated inland territories. This research shows that coastalisation is expected to continue, making coastal regions the most attractive for international and interregional migration, hence their high innovation performance. Based on the principles of human geography, we put forward the hypothesis that Russia’s coastal territories are highly heterogeneous in their development dynamics. This study aims to test the interdependence between migration figures and innovation values across 23 regions of Russia with access to the sea. The research design comprises three stages: calculation of innovation performance, evaluation of migration flows and the building up of a typology of coastal regions. The research results reveal an increased migration attractiveness of the country’s coastal regions, with the St. Petersburg and Kaliningrad agglomerations and the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Krai (region) as the main attractors. Intensive innovation activity is characteristic of St. Petersburg, the northern capital of Russia, whereas peripheral regions where the extractive industries dominate (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (district), Kamchatka, Krasnoyarsk and Magadan regions) demonstrate a much weaker trend towards combining innovation performance and migration attractiveness.
Funding
The study was prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 1918-00005 “Eurasian Vector of Russian Marine Economy: Regional Economy Perspective”, as well as the IGRAS project No. 0148-2019-0008 (“Problems and prospects of Russia’s territorial development in the context of its unevenness and global instability”).
References
Aldieri L., Kotsemir M., vinci C.P., 2020. The role of labour migration inflows on R&D and innovation activity: Evidence from Russian regions. Foresight 22(4): 437–468. DOI 10.1108/FS-03-2020-0035.
Aragonés A.M., Salgado U., 2019. Suecia y Dinamarca: líderes en innovación y la atracción de talentos mundiales. Equidad y Desarrollo 33: 11–41. DOI 10.19052/eq.vol1.iss33.2.
Benson M., O’Reilly K., 2016. Lifestyle migration: Expectations, aspirations, and experiences. Routledge, London–NY.
Casado-Díaz M., 2006. Retiring to Spain: An analysis of difference among North European Nationals. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32(8): 1321–1339.
Drivas K., Economidou C., Karamanis D., Sanders M., 2020. Mobility of highly skilled individuals and local innovation activity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 158: 120144. DOI 10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120144.
Druzhinin A.G., 2020. The strongholds of Russian coastal borderlands: Economic dynamics amid geopolitical turbulence. Baltic Region 12(3): 89–104. DOI 10.5922/2079-8555-2020-3-6.
Ewers M.C., Malecki E.J., 2010. Leapfrogging into the knowledge economy: Assessing the economic development strategies of the Arab Gulf States. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic and Human Geography) 101(5): 494–508. DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2010.00628.x.
Felsenstein D., 2011. Human capital and labour mobility determinants of regional innovation. In: Cooke P., Asheim B., Boschma R., Martin R., Schwartz D., Todtling F. (eds), Handbook of regional innovation and growth. E. Elgar, Cheltenham, UK: 119–131.
Fielding A.J., 1992. Migration and social mobility: South East England as an escalator region. Regional Studies 26(1): 1–15. DOI 10.1080/00343409212331346741.
Fulanda B., Munga C., Ohtomi J., Osore M., Mugo R., Hossain M.Y., 2009. The structure and evolution of the coastal migrant fishery of Kenya. Ocean & Coastal Management 52(9): 459–466. DOI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.07.001.
Gallup J.L., Sachs J.D., Mellinger A., 1999. Geography and economic development. Center for International Development at Harvard University. Working Paper.
Glavovic B.C., 2013. Coastal innovation paradox. Sustainability (Switzerland) 5(3): 912–933.
Heber R., 1839. A sketch of Moscow, in a letter from Bishop Heber to his mother. The Saturday Magazine 14(444): 215–216.
Hinrichsen D., 1996. Coasts in crisis. Issues in Science and Technology 12: 39–47.
Huber A., O’Reilly K., 2004. The construction of Heimat under conditions of individualised modernity: Swiss and British elderly migration in Spain. Ageing and Society 24(3): 327–351. DOI 10.1017/S0144686×03001478.
Hunt J., Gauthier-Loiselle M., 2010. How much does immigration boost innovation? American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3(2): 31–56. DOI 10.1257/mac.2.2.31.
Iden G., Richter C., 1971. Factors associated with population mobility in the Atlantic coastal plains region. Land Economics 47(2): 189–193.
Jiang x.z., Liu T.Y., Su C.W., 2014. China’s marine economy and regional development. Marine Policy 50(A): 227–237. DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.06.008.
Komkov N.I., Selin v.S., Tsukerman v.A., Goryachevskaya E.S., 2017. Problems and perspectives of innovative development of the industrial system in Russian Arctic regions. Studies on Russian Economic Development 28(1): 31–38.
Lachininskii S.S., Mikhaylov A.S., Samusenko D.N., Mikhaylova A.A., Sorokin I.S., 2019. Coastal cities and agglomerations in the innovative space of western Russia. Regional Research of Russia 9(4): 396–405. DOI 10.1134/S2079970519040051.
Lyu L., Sun F., Huang R., 2019. Innovation-based urbanization: Evidence from 270 cities at the prefecture level or above in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 29: 1283–1299. DOI 10.1007/s11442-019-1659-1.
Mee L., 2012. Between the devil and the deep blue sea: The coastal zone in an era of globalisation. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 96: 1–8. DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2010.02.013.
Merkens J.-L., Reimann L., Hinkel J., vafeidis A.T., 2016.
Gridded population projections for the coastal zone under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. Global and Planetary Change 145: 57–66. DOI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.08.009.
Mikhaylov A.S., Mikhaylova A.A., Kuznetsova T.Y., 2018. Coastalization effect and spatial divergence: Segregation of European regions. Ocean and Coastal Management 161: 57–65. DOI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.04.024.
Mikhaylov A.S., Mikhaylova A.A., Lachininskii S.S., Hvaley D.v., 2019. Coastal countryside innovation dynamics in North-Western Russia. European Countryside 11(4): 541–562.
Miranda-Martel M.J., Mihi-Ramirez A., Arteaga-Ortiz J., 2017. How the level of economic growth and the constituent elements of innovation attract international talent? Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics 28(2): 187–197. DOI 10.5755/j01.ee.28.2.17518.
Montanari A., Staniscia B., 2011. From global to local: Human mobility in the Rome coastal area in the context of the global economic crisis. Volltextausgaben 3–4: 127–200. DOI 10.4000/belgeo.6300.
Morrissey K., 2015. An inter and intra-regional exploration of the marine sector employment and deprivation in England. The Geographical Journal 181: 295–303. DOI 10.1111/geoj.12099.
Morrissey K., O’Donoghue C., 2012. The Irish marine economy and regional development. Marine Policy 36(2): 358–364. DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.011.
O’Reilly K., 2000. The British on the Costa del Sol. Routledge, London.
Ozgen C., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2012. Immigration and innovation in European regions. In: Nijkamp P., Poot J., Sahin M. (eds), Migration impact assessment: New horizons in regional science. Edward Edgar Publishing Ltd., UK: 261–301.
Ozgen C., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2017. The elusive effects of workplace diversity on innovation. Papers in Regional Science 96: 29–50. DOI 10.1111/pirs.12176.
Ozgen C., Peters C., Niebuhr A., Nijkamp P., Poot J., 2014. Does cultural diversity of migrant employees affect innovation? International Migration Review 48: 377–416: DOI 10.1111/imre.12138.
Paserman D., 2013. Do high-skill immigrants raise productivity? Evidence from Israeli manufacturing firms, 1990–1999. IZA Journal of Migration 2(6): DOI 10.1186/2193-9039-2-6.
Peri G., 2012. The effect of immigration on productivity: Evidence from US states. Review of Economics and Statistics 94(1): 348–358. DOI 10.1162/REST_a_00137.
Rangel C.G., Lopez E.J., 2018. Redistribution of migratory at-tractiveness among Mexican municipalities, 2000–2020. Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 33(2): 289–325. DOI 10.24201/edu.v33i2.1739.
Schubel J.R., Levi C., 2000. The emergence of megacities. Medicine & Global Survival 6(2): 107–110.
Small C., Nicholls R.J., 2003. A global analysis of human settlement in coastal zones. Journal of Coastal Research 19: 584–599. Online: www.jstor.org/stable/4299200 (accessed: 23 November 2020).
Stuen E., Mobarak A., Maskus E., 2012. Skilled immigration and innovation: Evidence from enrolment fluctuations in US doctoral programmes. Economic Journal 122(565): 1143–1176.
Vega A., Miller A., O’Donoghue C., 2014. Economic impacts of seafood production growth targets in Ireland. Marine Policy 47: 39–45. DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2014.01.025.
Wang Y., Luo H., Shi Y., 2020. Complex network of scientific talent migration in discrete dynamics from 2001 to 2013. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 248983. DOI 10.1155/2020/9248983.
Wei H., Yuan R., Zhao L., 2020. International talent inflow and R&D investment: Firm-level evidence from China. Economic Modelling 89: 32–42. DOI 10.1016/j.econ-mod.2019.09.007.
Zaikov K.S., Kalinina M.R., Kondratov N.A., Tamitskii A.M., 2017. Innovation course of economic development in the Northern and Arctic territories in Russia and in the Nordic countries. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast 10(3): 59–77. DOI 10.15838/esc/2017.3.51.3.
Zelinsky W., 1971. The hypothesis of the mobility transition. Geographical Review 61: 219–249.
Zhao X., Li X., 2021. The influence of internal migration on regional innovation in China. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 34(1): 498-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1792325.
Zhitin D.v., Lachininskii S.S., Mikhaylova A.A., Shendrik A.v., 2020. Urban transformation of a post-soviet coastal city: The case of Saint Petersburg. Geography, Environment, Sustainability 13(1): 145–158.