Abstract
Several scholarly inquiries have explored the possibility that Parmenides was acquainted with Heraclitus and engaged in polemics against him, in light of the fact that their respective chronologies do not preclude this scenario. However, with few exceptions, the debate remains polarized between two main positions: the first contends that Heraclitus and Parmenides were likely unaware of each other, or at least that no conclusive evidence exists to prove their acquaintance; the second posits that Parmenides was indeed aware of Heraclitus and argued against him. This paper focuses on Heraclitus B 49a DK to offer additional, albeit measured, support for the latter position and to suggest a hypothesis, at least a partial one, concerning the origins of Parmenides’ κρίσις between εἶναι and μὴ εἶναι.
References
Aa.Vv., 1952, Varia Variorum. Festgabe für K. Reinhardt, Münster–Köln.
Adomenas, M., 2006, “Plato, Presocratics, and the Question of Intellectual Genre,” in: Sassi 2006, pp. 329–353.
Albertelli, P., 1939, Gli Eleati, Roma.
Aubenque, P., 1987, Études sur Parménide, vol. II: Problèmes d’interprétation, Paris.
Bárány, I., 2006, “From Protagoras to Parmenides: A Platonic History of Philosophy,” in: Sassi 2006, pp. 305–327.
Barnes, J., Mignucci, M. (ed.), 1988, Matter and Metaphysics, Napoli.
Barque, L., 2015, “Heraclitism and Heraclitus in Plato’s Cratylus,” Archai 15, pp. 135–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/1984-249X_15_13
Beaufret, J., Riniéri, J. J., 1955, Le Poème de Parménide, Paris.
Bernays, J., 1850, “Heraklitische Studien,” Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 7, pp. 90–116.
Beurrecos Frank, B., 2020, “Parmenides and Heraclitus revisited. Palintropic Metaphysics, Polymathy, and Multiple Experience,” Anais de Filosofia Clássica 14, pp. 37–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47661/afcl.v14i27.38743
Bicknell, P. J., 1966, “Dating the Eleatics,” in: Kelly 1966, pp. 1–14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pssb.19660140132
Bollack, J., Wismann, H., 1972, Héraclite ou la séparation. Paris.
Bossi, B., Robinson T. M (ed.), 2013, Plato’s Sophist revisited, sez. II, Parricide: Threat or Reality?, Berlin–Boston. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110287134
Brancacci, A., 2011, “La ‘dottrina riservata’ di Protagora (Plat. Theaet. 152c7–e1),” Méthexis 24, pp. 87–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/24680974-90000580
Brunschwig, J., 1994, “The Stoic Theory of the Supreme Genus and Platonic Ontology,” in: J. Brunschwig, Papers in Hellenistic Philosophy, Cambridge, pp. 92–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511518393.007
Calogero, G., 1932, Studi sull’Eleatismo, Roma.
Calogero, G., 20122, Storia della logica antica, Pisa.
Capizzi, A., 1990, “Il ‘Fiume’ eracliteo secondo Seneca,” Quaderni Urbinati Di Cultura Classica 35, pp. 71–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/20547049
Caston, V., Graham, D. (ed.), 2002, Presocratic Philosophy. Essays in honour of Alexander Mourelatos. Aldershot.
Cerri, G., 1999, Parmenide di Elea. Poema sulla natura, Milano.
Cherniss, H., 1935, Aristotle’s criticism of Presocratic Philosophy, Baltimore.
Clarke, T., Aristotle and the Eleatic One, 2019, Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719700.001.0001
Conche, M., 1986, Héraclite. Fragments, Paris.
Cordero, N. L., 2004, By being, it is. The thesis of Parmenides, Las Vegas.
Cornford, F. M., 1939, Plato and Parmenides, Parmenides’ Way of Truth and Plato’s Parmenides. Translated with an Introduction and a Running Commentary, London.
Covotti, A., 1934, I Presocratici, Napoli.
Decleva Caizzi, F., 1988, “La ‘materia scorrevole’. Sulle tracce di un dibattito perduto,” in: Barnes, Mignucci 1988, pp. 425–470.
De Marchi, E., 1905, L’ontologia e la fenomenologia di Parmenide Eleate, Torino.
Diano, C., Serra, G., 1980, Eraclito. I frammenti e le testimonianze, Milano.
Diels, H., 1876, “Chronologische Untersuchungen über Apollodors Chronik,” Rheinisches Museum 31, pp. 1–54.
Diels, H., 1902, Apollodoros Chronik. Eine Sammlung der Fragmente, Berlin.
Di Lanzo, D., 2015, “Il frammento 80 B 1 di Protagora. Sul conoscere,” Giornale Critico della Filosofia Italiana 94–96, pp. 264–280.
Franchi, L., 2017, “Alcune osservazioni sul procedimento logico di Parmenide,” in: Vassallo 2017, pp. 199–226.
Franchi. L., 2023, “L’apparente contraddizione nel resoconto di Aristotele su Parmenide,” in: Pulpito, Berruecos Frank 2023, pp. 157–174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783985720903-157
Fronterotta, F., 2012, “I fiumi, le acque, il divenire. Su Eraclito, frr. 12, 49A, 91 DK [40, 40c2, 40c3 Marcovich],” Antiquorum Philosophia 6, pp. 71–90.
Fronterotta, F., 2013, Eraclito. Frammenti, Milano.
Fronterotta, F., 2015, “Eraclito, il divenire e la dossografia platonico-aristotelica,” Archai 15, pp. 117–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14195/1984-249X_15_11
Galeotti, D., 2021 “Nomothesia e Sophia in Eraclito. Considerazioni filosofiche e storiche,” La Cultura 59, pp. 181–199.
Gadamer, H. G., 1952, “Retrakationen zum Lehrgedicht des Parmenides,” in: Aa.Vv. 1952, pp. 58–68.
Giannatoni, G., 1988, “Le due vie di Parmenide,” La Parola del Passato 43, pp. 207–221.
Gigon, O., 1945, Untersuchungen zu Heraklit, Basel.
Gomperz, H., 1924, Psychologische Beobachtungen an griechischen Philosophen, Leipzig–Wien–Zürich.
Graham, D., 2002, “Heraclitus and Parmenides,” in: Caston, Graham 2002, pp. 27–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/prps.2002.1.33.40262
Hülsz Piccone, E. (ed.), 2009, Nuevos Ensayos sobre Heráclito, Actas del segundo Symposium Heracliteum, Mexico City.
Hülsz Piccone, E., 2009a, “Flujo y logos. La imagen de Heráclito en el Cratilo y el Teeteto” de Platón,” in: Hülsz Piccone 2009, pp. 361–390.
Hülsz Piccone, E., 2013, “Plato’s Ionian Muses: Sophist 242d,” in: Bossi, Robinson 2013, pp. 103–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110287134.103
Inwood, B., Seneca Selected Philosophical Letters, Oxford, 2007.
Kahn, C. H., 1968/69, “The thesis of Parmenides,” Review of Metaphysics 22, pp. 700–724
Kahn, C., 1979, The Art and Thought of Heraclitus, Cambridge.
Kahn, C. H., 2009, Essays on Being, Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199534807.001.0001
Kelly, M. (ed.), 1966, For Service of Classical Studies, Essays in Honor of F. Letters, Melbourne.
Kirk, J. S., 1954, Heraclitus. The Cosmic Fragments, Cambridge.
Levi, A., 1927, “Sulla dottrina di Parmenide e sulla teoria della Δόξα,” Athenaeum 5, pp. 269–287.
Loenen, J. H. M. M., 1959, Parmenides, Melissus, Gorgias: A Reinterpretation of Eleatic Philosophy, Assen.
Loew, E., 1930, “Das Lehrgedicht des Parmenides. Eine Kampfschrift gegen die Lehre Heraklits,” Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 79, pp. 209–214.
Mansfeld, J., 1964, Die Offenbarung des Parmenides und die Menschliche Welt, Assen.
Mansfeld, J., 1967, “Heraclitus in the Psychology and Physiology of Sleep and on Rivers,” Mnemosyne 20, pp. 1–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156852567X01888
Mansfeld, J., 1992, Heresiography in Context. Leiden–New York–Köln. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004320765
Mansfeld, J., Runia, D. T., 2010, Aëtiana. The Method and Intellectual Context of a Doxographer, vol. 3: Studies in the Doxographical Traditions of Ancient Philosophy, Leiden–Boston. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004180413.i-650
Mansfeld, J., 2010a, “Physical Doxai in the Phaedo,” in: Mansfeld, Runia 2010, pp. 183–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004180413.i-650.33
Marcovich, M., 1967, Heraclitus. Greek. Text with a Short Commentary (editio maior), Merida.
Marcovich, M., Mondolfo, R., Tarán, L., 2007, Eraclito. Testimonianze, imitazioni e frammenti, Milano.
Mondolfo, R., 1961, “Testimonianze su Eraclito anteriori a Platone,” Rivista critica di Storia della Filosofia, pp. 399–424.
Mouraviev, S. N., 2006, Heraclitea. Recensio: Fragmenta, Vol. I–III, Sankt Augustin.
Mourelatos, A.D.P., 1970, The Route of Parmenides, Yale.
Nehamas, A., 2002, “Parmenidean Being/Heralcitean Fire,” in: Caston, Graham 2002, pp. 45–64.
Palmer, J., 2009, Parmenides and presocratic philosophy, Oxford. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199567904.001.0001
Patin, A., 1899, “Parmenides im Kampfe gegen Heraklit,” Jahrbuch für klassische Philologie, Supplementband 25, pp. 489–660.
Pradeau, F., 2002, Héraclite. Fragments [Citations et témoignages], Paris.
Pulpito, M., Berruecos Frank, B. (ed.), 2023, R. McKirahan et al., Aristotles and the Eleatics. Aristotele e gli Eleati, Baden-Baden.
Ramnoux, C., 1959, Héraclite ou l’homme entre les choses et les mots, Paris.
Rashed, M., “Posidonius et le traité d’Albinus Sur les incorporels,” Elenchos 42, pp. 165–198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/elen-2021-0011
Reale, G., 2011, Zeller-Mondolfo. Gli Eleati, Milano.
Reinhardt, K., 1916, Parmenides und die Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie, Bonn.
Robinson, T. M., 1987, Heraclitus. Fragments, Toronto.
Russell, D. A., Konstan, D., 2005, Homeric Problems, Atlanta.
Sassi, M. M. (ed.), 2006, La costruzione del discorso filosofico nell’età dei presocratici. The Construction of Philosophical Discourse in the Age of the Presocratics, Pisa.
Tarán, L., 1965, Parmenides, Princeton.
Tarán, L., 1999, “Heraclitus: the River Fragments and their Implications,” Elenchos 20, pp. 9–52.
Überweg, F., 1953, Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie (Vol. I), Basel.
Unstersteiner, M., 1958, Parmenide. Testimonianze e frammenti, Firenze.
Vassallo, C. (ed.), 2017, Physiologia. Topics in Presocratic Philosophy and its Reception in Antiquity, Trier.
Verdenius, W.J., 1942, Parmenides: Some Comments on his Poem, Groningen.
Vlastos, G., 1955, “On Heraclitus,” The American Journal of Philology 76, pp. 337–378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/292270
Zeller, E., 18925, Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung, Leipzig.
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Leonardo Franch
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Peitho provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.