Keywords
GIS
location-allocation
scale
spatial aggregation
How to Cite
Abstract
Health care accessibility can be measured by the number of prospective patients who could reach a medical facility within a prescribed time limit. The representation of health care demand in estimating accessibility is an important consideration since different spatial aggregations of demand have different consequences with regard to accessibility estimates. This article examines the effects of aggregating population demand for primary health care, ranging from census tract to aggregated census block, on estimates of primary health care accessibility. Spatial representations of aggregated demand were incorporated into a location-allocation model in order to determine a measure of accessibility represented by the unmet demand for primary health care services. The model was implemented for the U.S. State of Idaho, based on the allocation of Idaho residents’ demand for primary health care to the state’s existing primary health care facilities. The results confirm a relationship between the level of demand aggregation and the level of potential accessibility. In case of a rural state such as Idaho the relationship is positive; higher levels of aggregation result in higher measures of accessibility.
References
Association of American Medical Colleges, 2011. State Physician Workforce Data Book. On-line: www.aamc.org/workforce (accessed 1 May 2013).
Association of American Medical Colleges, 2011. State Physician Workforce Data Book. On-line: www.aamc.org/workforce (accessed 1 May 2013).
Brabyn L., Skelly C., 2002. Modeling population access to New Zealand public hospitals. International Journal of Health Geographics 1: 1-9.
Brabyn L., Skelly C., 2002. Modeling population access to New Zealand public hospitals. International Journal of Health Geographics 1: 1-9.
Burkey M.L., Bhadury J., Eiselt H.A., 2012. A location-based comparison of health care services in four U.S. states with efficiency and equity. Socio-Econnomic Planning Sciences 46(2): 157-163.
Burkey M.L., Bhadury J., Eiselt H.A., 2012. A location-based comparison of health care services in four U.S. states with efficiency and equity. Socio-Econnomic Planning Sciences 46(2): 157-163.
Center for Disease Control, 2008. National Health Statistics Reports 3: 1-40. On-line: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr003.pdf (accessed 1 May 2013).
Center for Disease Control, 2008. National Health Statistics Reports 3: 1-40. On-line: www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr003.pdf (accessed 1 May 2013).
Church R., ReVelle C., 1974. The maximal covering location problem. Papers of the Regional Science Association 32: 101-118.
Church R., ReVelle C., 1974. The maximal covering location problem. Papers of the Regional Science Association 32: 101-118.
Church R.L., Murray A.T., 2009. Business site selection, location analysis, and GIS. John Wiley, Sons, Hoboken.
Church R.L., Murray A.T., 2009. Business site selection, location analysis, and GIS. John Wiley, Sons, Hoboken.
Cromley E.K., McLafferty S.L., 2002. GIS and public health. Guilford Press, New York, London.
Cromley E.K., McLafferty S.L., 2002. GIS and public health. Guilford Press, New York, London.
Daskin M., Haghani A., Khanal M., Malandraki C., 1989. Aggregation effects in maximum covering models. Annals of Operations Research 18: 115-140.
Daskin M., Haghani A., Khanal M., Malandraki C., 1989. Aggregation effects in maximum covering models. Annals of Operations Research 18: 115-140.
Gerrard R., Church R., Stoms D., Davis F., 1997. Selecting conservation reserves using species-covering models: Adapting the ARC/INFO GIS. Transactions in GIS 2(1): 45-60.
Gerrard R., Church R., Stoms D., Davis F., 1997. Selecting conservation reserves using species-covering models: Adapting the ARC/INFO GIS. Transactions in GIS 2(1): 45-60.
Harper P.R., Shahani A.K., Gallagher A.K., Bowie C., 2005. Planning health services with explicit geographical considerations: a stochastic location-allocation approach. Omega 33(2): 141-152.
Harper P.R., Shahani A.K., Gallagher A.K., Bowie C., 2005. Planning health services with explicit geographical considerations: a stochastic location-allocation approach. Omega 33(2): 141-152.
Kwan M.-P., Weber J., 2008. Scale and accessibility: Implications for the analysis of land use-travel interaction. Applied Geography 28: 110-123.
Kwan M.-P., Weber J., 2008. Scale and accessibility: Implications for the analysis of land use-travel interaction. Applied Geography 28: 110-123.
Laditka J.M., 2004. Physician supply, physician diversity, and outcomes of primary health care for older persons in the United States. Health, Place 10(3): 231-244.
Laditka J.M., 2004. Physician supply, physician diversity, and outcomes of primary health care for older persons in the United States. Health, Place 10(3): 231-244.
Langford M., Higgs G., 2006. Measuring potential access to primary healthcare services: The influence of alternative spatial representations of population. The Professional Geographer 58(3): 294-306.
Langford M., Higgs G., 2006. Measuring potential access to primary healthcare services: The influence of alternative spatial representations of population. The Professional Geographer 58(3): 294-306.
Lin G., Allan D.E., Penning M.J., 2002. Examining distance effects on hospitalizations using GIS: a study of three health regions in British Columbia, Canada. Environment and Planning A, 34(11): 2037-2053.
Lin G., Allan D.E., Penning M.J., 2002. Examining distance effects on hospitalizations using GIS: a study of three health regions in British Columbia, Canada. Environment and Planning A, 34(11): 2037-2053.
Lovett A., Haynes R., Sunnenberg G., Gale S., 2002. Car travel time and accessibility by bus to general practitioner services: A study using patient registers and GIS. Social Science and Medicine 55(1): 97-111.
Lovett A., Haynes R., Sunnenberg G., Gale S., 2002. Car travel time and accessibility by bus to general practitioner services: A study using patient registers and GIS. Social Science and Medicine 55(1): 97-111.
Martin D., Williams H.C., 1992. Market-area analysis and accessibility to primary health-care centers. Environment and Planning A, 24(7): 1009-1019.
Martin D., Williams H.C., 1992. Market-area analysis and accessibility to primary health-care centers. Environment and Planning A, 24(7): 1009-1019.
Mitropoulos P., Mitropoulos I., Giannikos I., 2012. Combining DEA with location analysis for the effective consolidation in the health care. Computers, Operations Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2012.01.008.
Mitropoulos P., Mitropoulos I., Giannikos I., 2012. Combining DEA with location analysis for the effective consolidation in the health care. Computers, Operations Research. DOI: 10.1016/j.cor.2012.01.008.
Oppong J., Hodgson M., 1994. Spatial accessibility to health care facilities in Suhum District, Ghana. The Professional Geographer 46(2): 199-209.
Oppong J., Hodgson M., 1994. Spatial accessibility to health care facilities in Suhum District, Ghana. The Professional Geographer 46(2): 199-209.
Parker E.B., Campbell J.L., 1998. Measuring access to primary medical care: some examples of the use of geographic information systems. Health, Place 4(2): 183-193.
Parker E.B., Campbell J.L., 1998. Measuring access to primary medical care: some examples of the use of geographic information systems. Health, Place 4(2): 183-193.
Rushton G., 1989. Applications of location models. Annals of Operations Research 18: 25-42.
Rushton G., 1989. Applications of location models. Annals of Operations Research 18: 25-42.
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. State, County QuickFacts. On-line: quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html (accessed 1 May 2013).
U.S. Census Bureau, 2010. State, County QuickFacts. On-line: quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/16000.html (accessed 1 May 2013).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993. Primary Medical Care Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Designation Criteria. On-line: bhpr.hrsa.gov/shortage/ hpsas/designationcriteria/primarycarehpsacriteria. html (accessed 1 May 2013).
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993. Primary Medical Care Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) Designation Criteria. On-line: bhpr.hrsa.gov/shortage/ hpsas/designationcriteria/primarycarehpsacriteria. html (accessed 1 May 2013).
Verter V., Lapierre S., 2002. Location of preventive Health Care Facilities. Annals of Operations Research 110: 123-132.
Verter V., Lapierre S., 2002. Location of preventive Health Care Facilities. Annals of Operations Research 110: 123-132.
Wang F., Luo W., 2005. Assessing spatial and nonspatial factors for healthcare access: toward an integrated approach to defining health professional shortage areas. Health, Place 11: 131-146.
Wang F., Luo W., 2005. Assessing spatial and nonspatial factors for healthcare access: toward an integrated approach to defining health professional shortage areas. Health, Place 11: 131-146.
Wang L., 2011. Analysing spatial accessibility to healthcare: a case study of access by different immigrant groups to primary care physicians in Toronto. Annals of GIS 17(4): 237-251.
Wang L., 2011. Analysing spatial accessibility to healthcare: a case study of access by different immigrant groups to primary care physicians in Toronto. Annals of GIS 17(4): 237-251.
Wang L., Roisman D., 2011. Modeling spatial accessibility of immigrants to culturally diverse family physicians. The Professional Geographer 63(1): 73-91.
Wang L., Roisman D., 2011. Modeling spatial accessibility of immigrants to culturally diverse family physicians. The Professional Geographer 63(1): 73-91.
License
© Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.