FARM FAMILIES AND FUTURE OPTIONS – THE ROLE OF THE EXTENSION ADVISORY SERVICE IN SHAPING IRISH AGRICULTURE
PDF

Keywords

agriculture
rural
extension advisory services
sustainability
Ireland

How to Cite

McDonagh, J., Farrell, M., & Mahon, M. (2013). FARM FAMILIES AND FUTURE OPTIONS – THE ROLE OF THE EXTENSION ADVISORY SERVICE IN SHAPING IRISH AGRICULTURE. Quaestiones Geographicae, 32(4), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0033

Abstract

Agriculture across Europe is very much driven by the reforms initiated by the European Union (EU) and World Trade Organisation negotiations. Reforms have mobilised a shift in agricultural practices from production to a somewhat contested post-production and, more recently, multifunctional agriculture regime. Accompanying such change has been the debate on the future of farming, the role of agriculture within the countryside, and the extent to which the sector will maintain support from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the EU. Central to these discussions, in terms of bringing about beneficial change on farms and in rural areas, is the advice and direction available to farmers. The agricultural extension advisory services are an integral component of this process. This paper explores the position of public extension advisory services in Ireland and determines the extent to which these services are impacting the trajectory of modern agricultural practices within a framework of more traditional views of farmers and farm families.

https://doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2013-0033
PDF

References

Alsos G.A., Carter S., 2006. Multiple business ownership in the Norwegian farm sector: resource transfer and performance consequences. Journal of Rural Studies 22: 313-322.

Anderson J.R., 2008. Agricultural Advisory Services. Background Paper for World Development Report 2008. Agriculture for Development Department, the World Bank, Washington, DC.

Barbieri C., Valdivia C., 2010. Recreation and agroforestry: Examining new dimensions of multifunctionality in family farms. Journal of Rural Studies 26(4): 465-473.

Black A.W., 2000. Extension theory and practice: A review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40(4): 493-502.

Bogue P., 2004. An assessment of the Opportunities for Farm Families Programme. Rural Development Conference Proceedings 2004. Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Ireland.

Bogue P., Phelan J., 2005. Advisory services in transition: The challenge of change. Paper presented at the AIAEE, 22nd Annual Conference Proceedings, Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA.

Boyle G., 2012. Enhancing Irish agricultural productivity through technology adoption: a critique of the Irish agricultural, knowledge and innovation system (AKIS). In: Heanue K., Mackan-Walsh A., Maher P. (eds), Teagasc best practice in extension services. Conference Proceedings, Nov. 1st 2012, Teagasc: 1-6.

Breen J., Hennessy T., Thorne F., 2005. Decoupled payments and the decision to produce. Rural Economy Research Centre, Teagasc, Working Paper Series, Working Paper 05-WPRE-02.

Burton R., Wilson G.A., 2006. Injecting social psychology theory into conceptualisation of agricultural agency: Towards a post-productivist farmer self identity? Journal of Rural Studies 22(1): 95-115.

Carey D., 2004. The Teagasc extension advisory training service - the Irish public/ private extension model. Paper presented at Association for International Agricultural and Extension Education Conference, Dublin.

Central Statistics Office (CSO), 2004. Farm structure survey. Government Publications, Dublin, Ireland.

Commins P., 1995. The European Community and Irish rural economy. In: Clancy P., Drudy S., Lynch K., O’Dowd L. (eds), Irish society: Sociological perspectives. Institute of Public Administration with Sociological Association, Dublin.

Connolly L., Kinsella A., Quinlan G., Moran B., 2003. The National Farm Survey 2002. Teagasc: Rural Economy Research Centre, Athenry, Galway.

Connolly L., Kinsella A., Quinlan G., Moran B., 2005. The National Farm Survey 2004. Teagasc: Rural Economy Research Centre, Athenry, Galway.

Cristóvão A., Koehnen T., Portela J., 1998. Developing and delivering extension programmes. In: Swanson B.E., Bentz R.P., Sofranko A.J. (eds), Improving agricultural extension: A reference manual. UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome: 57-65.

Crowley E., 2003. The evolution of the Common Agricultural Policy and social differentiation in rural Ireland. Economic and Social Review 34(1): 65-85.

Downey L., 2006. EU agri-food industries, rural economies by 2025. School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin.

Errington A., 1986. The delegation of decision on the farm. Agricultural Systems 19: 299-317.

Farrell M., 2009. Embracing multifunctional agriculture in the Republic of Ireland: Towards a new extension ethic. Unpublished PhD Thesis, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Farrell M., McDonagh J., 2012 The importance of evaluation - The case of the ‘Options for Farm Families Programme’ in Ireland. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18(2): 105-120.

Farrell M., McDonagh J., Mahon M., 2008. The Options for Farm Families: Rhetoric and reality of change. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 15(3): 39-59.

Feder G., Willett A., Zijp W., 2001. Agricultural extension: Generic challenges and the ingredients for solutions. In: Wolf S., Zilberman D. (eds), Knowledge generation and technical change: Institutional innovation in agriculture. Kluwer Publishers, Boston: 313-56.

Frawley J., Keeney M., 1999. The impact of direct payments on farm income distribution. End of Project Report No. 4656, Teagasc, Dublin.

Fulton A., Fulton D., Tabart T., Ball P., Champion S., Weatherley J., Heinjus D., 2003. Agricultural extension, learning and change. Rural Industries Research Development Corporation, Publication No 03/032, RIRDC Project No RDP-1A, Canberra, Australia.

Garforth C., 2004. Introduction. In: Rivera W., Gary A. (eds), Demand driven approaches to agricultural extension. Agricultural and Rural Development, Discussion Paper 10, Extension Reform for Rural Development. The World Bank.

Garforth C., Angell B., Archer J., Green K., 2003. Improving farmers’ access to advice on land management: Lessons from case studies in developed countries. Agricultural Research and Extension Network, Network Paper No. 125.

Haug R., 1999. Some leading issues in international agricultural extension, a literature review. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 5(4): 263-274.

Grande J., 2011. New venture creation in the farm sector - Critical resources and capabilities. Journal of Rural Studies 27: 220-233.

Heanue K., Mackan-Walsh A., Maher P. (eds), 2012. Teagasc best practice in extension services. Conference Proceedings, Nov. 1st 2012, Teagasc.

Hennessy T., Heanue K., 2012. Quantifying the effect of Discussion Group membership on technology adoption and farm profit on dairy farms. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 18(1): 41-54. Food harvest 2020, 2010. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Dublin.

Jiggins J., Samanta R.K., Olawoye J.E., 1998. Improving women farmers’ access to extension services. Improving agricultural extension: A reference manual. UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome: 73-82.

Jones G.E., Garforth C., 1997. The history, development, and future of agricultural extension. Improving agricultural extension: A reference manual (3rd ed.). UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome.

Lafferty S., Commins P., Walsh, J., 1999. Irish agriculture in transition: A census atlas of agriculture in the Republic of Ireland. Teagasc, Dublin.

Leeuwis C., 1989. Marginalization misunderstood; different patterns of farm development in the west of Ireland. Wageningse Sociologische Studies 26, Wageningen Agricultural University.

Leeuwis C., van den Ban A.W., 2004. Communication for rural innovation: Rethinking agricultural extension. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford (3rd ed.). Lenihan M., Ruane D.J., Phelan J.F., 2002. The role of off-farm business development in creating a sustainable rural environment. Tearmann (2): 85-95.

Lopez-i-Gelats F., Milan M.J., Bartolome J., 2011. Is farming enough in mountain areas? Farm diversification in the Pyrenees. Land Use Policy 28: 783-791.

Lucey C., 2004. Going forward with the CAP and WTO. Agriculture thriving in transition. The Farmers Journal 12/4/2004, Ireland.

Marsden T., Sonnino R., 2008. Rural development and the regional state: Denying multifunctional agriculture in the UK. Journal of Rural Studies 24(4): 422-431.

McDonagh J., 2013. Rural geography I: Changing expectations and contradictions in the rural. Progress in Human Geography. Online, 18 January, DOI: 10.1177/0309132512474404.

Moreno-Pérez O.M., Arnalte-Alegre E., Ortiz-Miranda D., 2011. Breaking down the growth of family farms: A case study of an intensive Mediterranean agriculture. Agricultural Systems 104: 500-511.

Morrison S., 2012. Supporting the development needs of farmers. In: Heanue K., Mackan-Walsh A., Maher P. (eds), Teagasc best practice in extension services. Conference Proceedings, Nov. 1st 2012, Teagasc: 12-13.

Murray P., 2000. Evaluating participatory extension programs: Challenges and problems. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40(4): 519-526.

O’Hara P., 1998. Partners in production? Women, farm and family in Ireland. Berghahn Books, New York.

Pannell D., 2006. Adoption of conservation practices by rural landlords: Implications from research and extension. Pannell Discussions Paper No. 86, University of Western Australia.

Phelan J., 1998. Trends in Irish agriculture: Implications for extension and rural development. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 5(3): 55-59.

Potter C., Burney J., 2002. Agricultural multifunctionality in the WTO: Legitimate non-trade concern or disguised protectionism? Journal of Rural Studies 18(1): 35-47.

Pretty J.N., 1995. Participatory learning for sustainable agriculture. World Development 23(8): 1247-1263.

Pretty J.N., Chambers R., 1994. Towards a learning paradigm: New professionalism and institutions for agriculture. In: Scoones I., Thompson J. (eds), Beyond farmer first: Rural people’s knowledge, agricultural research and extension practice. Intermediate Technology Publications, London: 182-202.

Pretty J.N., Chambers R., 2000. Toward a learning paradigm: New professionalism and institutions for agriculture. In: Harris J.H. (ed.), Rethinking sustainability. Michigan University Press: 173-189.

Qamar M.K., 2001. Global trends in reforming extension services: Implications for rural development education and training. Paper presented at International Workshop on Technical Training for Rural Development: Looking to the 21st Century, Baoding, China.

Rivera W., 1996. Agricultural extension in transition worldwide: Structural, financial and managerial strategies for improving agricultural extension. Public Administration and Development 16(2): 151-161.

Rivera W.M., 2008. Pathways and tensions in the family of reform. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension 14(2): 101-109.

Rivera W.M., Qamar M.K., 2003. Agricultural extension, rural development and food security challenge. UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome.

Rivera W.M., Qamar M.K., Crowder L.V., 2001. Agricultural and rural extension worldwide: Options for institutional reform in developing countries. UN Food and Agricultural Organisation, Rome.

Share P., Tovey H., Corcoran M., 2007. A sociology of Ireland. Gill and Macmillan, Dublin.

Shortall S., 2004. Social or economic goals, civic inclusion or exclusion? An analysis of rural development theory and practice. Sociologia Ruralis 44(1): 109-123.

Somers N., 1998. Learning about sustainable agriculture: The case of Dutch arable farmers. In: Röling N.J., Wagemakers M. (eds), Facilitating sustainable agriculture. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 125-133.

Swanson, B.E., 2008. Global review of good agricultural extension and advisory practices. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

Swanson B.E., Samy M., 2002. Developing an extension partnership among public private and nongovernmental organisations. Journal of International Agriculture and Extension Education 9(1): 5-10.

Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, 1995. Research / Advisory / Training Services, 1995-1999. Teagasc, Dublin.

Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, 1998.

Teagasc 2000 - Statement of Strategy. Available at: http:// www.teagasc.ie/aboutus/strategy/strategy_10.asp, Dublin.

Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, 2004. Planning post Fischler programme - Guidelines. Teagasc Staff Information Document, Teagasc, Dublin.

Teagasc Agriculture and Food Development Authority, 2005. Options for Farm Families Programme. Teagasc, Dublin.

Thrup L.A., Altieri M., 1998. Knowledge generation and technical change. In: Wolf S., Zilberman E. (eds), Knowledge generation and technical change: Institutional innovation in agriculture. Kluwer, Boston: 267-290.

van den Ban A.W., Hawkins H.S., 1996. Agricultural extension. Blackwell Science, Oxford (2nd ed.).

van Oost I., 2012. The European Innovation Partnership (EIP) ‘Agricultural Productivity and Sustainability’ and the proposals for the Farm Advisory System (FAS). In: Heanue K., Mackan-Walsh A., Maher P. (eds), Teagasc best practice in extension service. Conference Proceedings, Nov. 1st 2012, Teagasc: 11-12.

Watson C., 2012. The role of professional advisers. In: Heanue K., Mackan-Walsh A., Maher P. (eds), Teagasc best practice in extension services. Conference Proceedings, Nov. 1st 2012, Teagasc: 14-15.

Wilson G.A., 2001. From productivism to post-productivism … and back again? Exploring the (un)changed natural and mental landscapes of European agriculture. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 26(1): 77-102.

Wilson G., Rigg J., 2003. ‘Post-productivist’ agricultural regimes and the South: Discordant concepts? Progress in Human Geography 27(6): 681-707.

World Bank, 2002. Extension and rural development: A convergence of views on institutional approaches? International Workshop, Nov. 12-14. The World Bank, Washington, DC.