Hail occurrence in Poland
PDF

Keywords

hail
spatial and temporal distribution
Poland

How to Cite

Suwała, K. (2011). Hail occurrence in Poland. Quaestiones Geographicae, 30(3), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0031-z

Abstract

The main objective of this study was to present the spatial and temporal distribution of hail in Poland covering the period of 1973-2009. The analysis was based on the data for 23 meteorological stations published by The Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (1973-1980) and National Climatic Data Center (for the years 1981 to 2009). The results are presented with the maps of mean monthly and annual number of hail days, histograms of the seasonal variation of hail and trend lines in temporal variability of hail. It shows that in Poland the mean annual number of hail days varies from 1,3 near Suwałki to 10 near Hel. Most of the hail cases occurred in March, when the number of mean monthly hail days amounted almost 15. When it comes to temporal variability it is characterized by increasing tendency with the maximum at the beginning of 2000.

https://doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0031-z
PDF

References

Battan L., 1974. Doppler radar observations of hailstorm. Journal of Applied Meteorology 14: 98-108.

Bielec-Bąkowska Z., 2010. Występowanie gradu w Polsce w świetle cyrkulacji atmosfery w latach 1966-2006. Woda w badaniach geograficznych: 359-374.

Brimelow J.C., Reuter G.W. & Poolman E.R., 2002. Modelling Maximum Hail Size in Alberta Thunderstorms. Weather and Forecasting 17: 1048-1062.

Changnon S.A., Changnon D. & Hilberg S.D, 2009. Hailstorms across the nation. An atlas about hail and its damages. Illinois State Water Survey. Report 2009-12: 1-92

Kennedy P. & Detwiler A., 2003. A Case Study of the Origin of Hail in a Multicell Thunderstorm Using In Situ Aircraft and Polarimetric Radar Data. Journal of Applied Meteorology 42: 1679-1690.

Kotinis-Zambakas S.R., 1988. Average spatial patterns of hail days in Greece. Journal of Climate 2: 508-511.

Koźmiński C., 1964. Geograficzne rozmieszczenie większych burz gradowych zanotowanych na obszarze Polski w latach 1946-1956. Przegl. Geogr. 36 (1): 87-102.

Koźmiński C., 1965. Próba wydzielenia obszarów źródłowych tworzenia się termicznych burz gradowych na terenie woj. kieleckiego. Przegl. Geogr. 37(3): 521-532.

Koźmiński C., 1968. Studia nad opadami gradu i wyrządzanymi przez nie szkodami w zbożach na terenie Wyżyny Małopolskiej. Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza, Szczecin, Rozprawy, 8: 1-65.

Paul A., 1980. Hailstorms in southern Saskatchewan. Journal of Applied Meteorology 19: 305-314.

Roczniki Meteorologiczne, 1973-1980. IMGW, Warszawa.

Schmuck A., 1949. Burze gradowe. Czas. Geogr. 20(1-4): 260-267.

Simeonov P. & Georgiev C.G., 2003. Severe wind/hail storms over Bulgaria in 1999-2001 period: synoptic- and meso-scale factors for generation. Atmospheric Research 67: 629-643.

Sioutas M.V., 2009. Hail frequency and intensity in northern Greece. Atmospheric Research 93: 526-533.

Tuovinen J. & Schultz D., 2008. Climatology of Severe Hail in Finland: 1930-2006. Monthly Weather Review 137: 2238-2249.

Tuovinen J. & Schultz D., 2009. Building a database of severe weather phenomena: Severe hail in Finland. 5th European Conference on Severe Storms.

Waldvogel A., 1979. Criteria for the detection of hail cells. Journal of Applied Meteorology 18: 1521-1525.

Woś A., 1999. Meteorologia dla geografów. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.

Woś A., 2010. Klimat Polski w drugiej połowie XX wieku. Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, Poznań.

Xie B. et al., 2010. Observed Characteristics of Hail Size in Four Regions in China during 1980-2005. Journal of Climate 23: 4973-4982.

Zhang C. & Zhang Q., 2007. Climatology of hail in China: 1961-2005. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47: 798-804.

Zinkiewicz W. & Michna E., 1995. Częstotliwość występowania gradów w województwie lubelskim w zależności od warunków fizjograficznych. Annales UMCS B, 10, 223-300.