Keywords
gender roles
asymmetric power relations
adult-children distinction
children’s voices
Number of views: 557
Number of downloads: 383
Abstract
This paper refers to a selected fragmant, which is about children’s gendered behaviours and children’s thoughts on gender issue, of an ethnographic study on children’s subjectivitation processes through digital technologies. For this whole study, philosophy for children approach was used as a technique to conduct focus group interviews with children in a periodical basis. The selected parts for this paper are based on three different sections of those interviews; first one is about children’s opinions on gender roles, referring to gendered occupations and plays for kids, the second one is also conducted to reveal the hidden discourses on gender in real society and virtual world which has been built on the existed world, and lastly adult-children hierarchical relations, was debated with children in order to connect this distinction to gender differences, will be mentioned.
References
Alanen, Leena. 2009. “Generational Order.” Pp. 159-174 in The Palgrave Handbook of Childhood Studies, edited by J. Qvortrup, W. A. Corsaro and M. Honig. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Buckingham, David. 2000. After the Death of Childhood: Growing up in the Age of Electronic Media. Cambridge and Malden: Polity.
Corsaro, William A. 1988. “Children’s Conception and Reaction to Adult Rules: The Underlife of the Nursery School.” Pp. 179-193 in Childhood Socialization, edited by G. Handel. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Corsaro, William A. 2005. “Collective Action and Agency in Young Children’s Peer Cultures.” Pp. 231-242 in Studies in Modern Childhood: Society, Agency, Culture, edited by J. Qvortup. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Corsaro, William A. 2009. “Peer Culture.” Pp. 301-315 in The Palgrave Handbook of Childhood Studies, edited by J. Qvortrup, W. A. Corsaro and M. Honig. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Corsaro, William A. and Donna Eder. 1990. “Children’s Peer Cultures.” Annual Review of Sociology, 16:197–220.
Crossley, Nick. 1996. Intersubjectivity: The Fabric of Social Becoming. London & California: Sage.
Damon, William. 1988. “Socialization and Individuation.” Pp. 3-9, in Childhood Socialization, edited by G. Handel. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Engel, Liba H. 2013. “The Democratic School and the Pedagogy of Janusz Korczak: A Model of Early Twentieth Century Reform in Modern Israel.” International Journal of Progressive Education, 9(1):119-132.
Foucault, Michel. 1988. “Technologies of the Self. Technologies of the Self.” Pp. 16-49 in A Seminar with Michel Foucault, edited by L. Martin, H. Gutman and P. Hutton. London: Tavistock.
Foucault, Michel. 2000. “Space, Knowledge, Power.” Pp. 349-364 in Power: Essential Works of Foucault 1954–1984. Vol. III, edited by J. D. Fabion. London: Penguin.
Freire, Paulo. 2014. Pedagogy of the Oppressed, translated by D. Macedo. 3. Edition. New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Goffman, Erving. 1963. Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings. New York: The Free Press.
Goffman, Erving. 1974. Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. Boston: Northeastern University.
Handel, Gerald. 1988. “Socialization and The Self.” Pp. 11-19, in Childhood Socialization, edited by G. Handel. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
James, Alan. 2009. “Agency.” Pp. 34-45 in The Palgrave Handbook of Childhood Studies, edited by J. Qvortrup, W. A. Corsaro and M. Honig Basingstoke: Palgrave.
Jenks, Chris. 2005. Childhood. 2. Edition. New York and London: Routledge.
Kohlberg, Lawrence. 1984. “Conscience as Principled Responsibility: On the Philosophy Stage Six.” Pp. 3-26 in Conscience: An Interdisciplinary View, Series Philosophy and Methodology of the Social, edited by W. Leinfellner and G. Eberlein. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing.
Korczak, Janusz. 2017. A Child’s Right to Respect, translated by S. Gasper Bye. Warsaw: Rzecnik Praw Dziecka.
Lipman, Matthew. 1992. “On Writing a Philosophical Novel.” Pp. 3-7 in Studies in Philosophy for Children: Harry Stottlemeier's Discovery, edited by A. M. Sharp, R. F. Reed and M. Philadelphia: Lipman Temple University.
Mayall, Berry. 2001. “Understanding Childhoods: A London Study.” Pp. 114-128 in Conceptualizing Child-Adult Relations, edited by L. Alanen and B. Mayall. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer.
McLaren, Peter. 2011. Okullarda Yaşam: Eleştirel Pedagojiye Giriş, translated by M. Y. Eryaman and H. Arslan. Ankara: Anı.
Odrowaz-Coates, Anna. 2016. “Lessons on Social Justice: A Pedagogical Reflection on the Educational Message of the Boxtrolls.” Education as Change, 20(2):67-85.
Palfrey, John and Urs Gasser. 2008. Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives. New York: Basic Books.
Piaget, Jean. 1971. The Child Conception of the World, translated by Jean and Andrew Tomlinson. 6. Edition. London: Routledge & Kegam Paul Ltd.
Postman, Neil. 1982. The Disapperance of Childhood. New York: Delacorte.
Prout, Allison. 2005. The Future of Childhood: Towards the Interdisciplinary Study of Children. London and New York: Routledge Falmer.
Prout, Allison and Alan James. 1997. “A new paradigm for the sociology of childhood? Provenance, promise and problems.” Pp. 7-33 in Constructing and Reconstructing Childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood, edited by A. James and A. Prout. 2. Edition. London: Falmer.
Schütz, Alfred. 2018. Fenomenoloji ve Toplumsal İlişkiler, translated by A. Akan and S. Kesikoğlu. Ankara: Heretik.
Tapscott, Don. 2009. Growing up Digital: How the Net Generation is Changing Your World. MacGrow Hill E-books.
Vucic, Basia. 2017. “The Colonization of Childhood. The Critical Pedagogy of Janusz Korczak.” Pp. 161-180 in Symbolic Violence in Socio-Educational Contexts: A Post-Colonial Critique, edited by A. Odrowaz-Coates and S. Goswami. Warsaw: Wydawnicto Akademii Pedagogiki Specjalnej im. Marii Grzegorzewskiej.
Wall, John. 2010. Ethics in Light of Childhood. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University.
License
Manuscript authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permissions for any copyrighted materials included within manuscripts. The authors must provide permission letters, when appropriate, to the Society Register Editors.
In addition, all published papers in Society Register are published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Unported License.
1.1 The Author hereby warrants that he/she is the owner of all the copyright and other intellectual property rights in the Work and that, within the scope of the present Agreement, the paper does not infringe the legal rights of another person. The owner of the copyright work also warrants that he/she is the sole and original creator thereof and that is not bound by any legal constraints in regard to the use or sale of the work.
1.2. The Publisher warrants that is the owner of the PRESSto platform for open access journals, hereinafter referred to as the PRESSto Platform.
2. The Author grants the Publisher non-exclusive and free of charge license to unlimited use worldwide over an unspecified period of time in the following areas of exploitation:
2.1. production of multiple copies of the Work produced according to the specific application of a given technology, including printing, reproduction of graphics through mechanical or electrical means (reprography) and digital technology;
2.2. marketing authorisation, loan or lease of the original or copies thereof;
2.3. public performance, public performance in the broadcast, video screening, media enhancements as well as broadcasting and rebroadcasting, made available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them;
2.4. inclusion of the Work into a collective work (i.e. with a number of contributions);
2.5. inclusion of the Work in the electronic version to be offered on an electronic platform, or any other conceivable introduction of the Work in its electronic version to the Internet;
2.6. dissemination of electronic versions of the Work in its electronic version online, in a collective work or independently;
2.7. making the Work in the electronic version available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, in particular by making it accessible via the Internet, Intranet, Extranet;
2.8. making the Work available according to appropriate license pattern CC BY-NC 4.0 as well as another language version of this license or any later version published by Creative Commons.
3. The Author grants the Publisher permission to reproduce a single copy (print or download) and royalty-free use and disposal of rights to compilations of the Work and these compilations.
4. The Author grants the Publisher permission to send metadata files related to the Work, including to commercial and non-commercial journal-indexing databases.
5. The Author represents that, on the basis of the license granted in the present Agreement, the Publisher is entitled and obliged to:
5.1. allow third parties to obtain further licenses (sublicenses) to the Work and to other materials, including derivatives thereof or compilations made, based on or including the Work, whereas the provisions of such sub-licenses will be the same as with the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) Creative Commons sub-license or another language version of this license, or any later version of this license published by Creative Commons;
5.2. make the Work available to the public in such a way that members of the public may access the Work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them, without any technological constraints;
5.3. appropriately inform members of the public to whom the Work is to be made available about sublicenses in such a way as to ensure that all parties are properly informed (appropriate informing messages).
6. Because of the royalty-free provision of services of the Author (resulting from the scope of obligations stipulated in the present Agreement), the Author shall not be entitled to any author’s fee due and payable on the part of the Publisher (no fee or royalty is payable by the Publisher to the Author).
7.1. In the case of third party claims or actions for indemnity against the Publisher owing to any infractions related to any form of infringement of intellectual property rights protection, including copyright infringements, the Author is obliged to take all possible measures necessary to protect against these claims and, when as a result of legal action, the Publisher, or any third party licensed by the Publisher to use the Work, will have to abandon using the Work in its entirety or in part or, following a court ruling in a legal challenge, to pay damages to a third party, whatever the legal basis
7.2. The Author will immediately inform the Publisher about any damage claims related to intellectual property infringements, including the author’s proprietary rights pertaining to a copyrighted work, filed against the Author. of liability, the Author is obliged to redress the damage resulting from claims made by third party, including costs and expenditures incurred in the process.
7.3. To all matters not settled herein provisions of the Polish Civil Code and the Polish Copyright and Related Rights Act shall apply.