The effective usage of corpora in legalese studies (on the example of the fiducie)
PDF

Keywords

civil law
corpus
fiducie
translation
trust

How to Cite

Gvelesiani, I. (2024). The effective usage of corpora in legalese studies (on the example of the fiducie). Comparative Legilinguistics, 60, 406–423. https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.2024.60.6

Abstract

 If we consider corpus linguistics as the study of a language through its samples, we should give credit to its contribution to the advancement of various sub-fields of linguistics: lexicography, translation studies, applied linguistics, diachronic studies and contrastive linguistics. The latter can be regarded as a special case of a linguistic typology that is distinguished from other types of typological approaches by a small sample size and a high degree of granularity (Gast 2011: 2-3). Nowadays, corpus-based contrastive studies can be treated as a growing research area that focuses on two or more languages. The present paper makes an attempt to discuss the usefulness of the specialized combined parallel-comparable corpus while dealing with legalese. The effectiveness is presented on the example of the legal institution fiducie. The methodology of research comprises the comparative analysis as well as the corpus-based analysis of the terms related to the fiducie-s presented in three varieties of French: France’s, Canadian and Luxembourgish. The carried out research reveals the juridical-semantic differences and the problematics of the verbal realization of the concepts related to three fiducie-s. These hinder a proper interpretation and complicate the process of translation. The major solution is found through the specification of meaning by renaming.

https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.2024.60.6
PDF

References

Aijmer, Karin, and Bengt Altenberg. 1996. Introduction. In Languages in contrast. Papers from a Symposium on Text-Based Cross-Linguistic Studies, eds. Karin Aijmer, Bengt Altenberg and Mats Johansson, 11–16. Lund: Lund University Press.

Biel, Łucja. 2010. Corpus-based studies of legal language for translation purposes: methodological and practical potential. In Reconceptualizing LSP. Online proceedings of the XVII European LSP Symposium 2009, eds. Carmen Heine and Jan Engberg, 1-15. Aarhus: Aarhus School of Business.

Bugg, Stuart G., Hons. 2009. Langenscheidt Alpmann Fachwörterbuch Kompakt Recht English. München: Langenscheidt GmbH&Co.KG.

Cera, Franck. 2014. The fiducie revival. STEP journal. https://www.step.org/step-journal/step-journal-february-2014/fiducie-revival (accessed June 4, 2023).

Civil Code of Quebec (Article 1258 | Code civil du Québec annoté | (lexum.com) (accessed June 2, 2023).

Code civil Titre XIV: De la fiducie (Articles 2011 à 2031), Légifrance, https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGIARTI000006445348/2007-02-21 (accessed June 2, 2023).

Dash, Niladri Sekhar. 2007. Corpus linguistics: an introduction. In Encyclopedia of life support systems, eds. Vesna Muhvic-Dimanovski and Lelija Sočanac, 110–159. Oxford: EOLSS Publishers.

Fernandes, Lincoln. 2006. Corpora in translation studies: revisiting Baker’s typology. Fragmentos, 30: 87–95.

Fiduciary law of 27th July 2003, Translation of fiduciary law of 27th July, 2003, Elvinger Hoss https://elvingerhoss.lu/publications/translation-fiduciary-law-27th-july-2003 (accessed June 2, 2023).

Gast, Volker. 2011. Contrastive analysis: theories and methods. In Dictionaries of linguistics and communication science: linguistic theory and methodology, eds. Berndand Kortmann and Johannes Kabatek, 9-119. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Giampieri, Patrizia. 2016. Is the European legal English legalese-free? Italian Journal of Public Law 8(2): 424–40.

Granger, Sylviane. 2010. Comparable and translation corpora in cross-linguistic research. Design, analysis and applications. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University 2: 14–21.

Gray, Christopher Berry, ed. 2004. The philosophy of law: an encyclopedia. Routledge.

Graziadei, Michele, Ugo Mattei, and Lionel Smith. 2005. Commercial trusts in European private law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511494956

Guo, Xiaotian. 2016. Drawing a route map of making a small domain-specific parallel corpus for translators and beyond. Proceedings of the 38th conference translating and the computer: 88–99.

Hayton, David. 2005. The distinctive characteristics of the trust in Anglo-Saxon law. Trust et Fiducie: la Convention de La Haye et la Nouvelle Législation Luxembourgeois: 1–18.

Jaworski, Rafal, Sanja Seljan, and Ivan Dunđer. 2023. Four million segments and counting: building an English-Croatian parallel corpus through crowdsourcing using a novel gamification-based platform. Information, 14(4):226. DOI: https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/14/4/226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/info14040226

Kida, Ireneusz. 2013. Introduction to corpus linguistics. Linguistica Silesiana 34: 133–44.

Kirk, John, and Anna Čermáková. 2017. From ICE to ICC: the new International Comparable Corpus. In Proceedings of the workshop on challenges in the management of large corpora and big data and natural language processing (CMLC-5+BigNLP) 2017 including the papers from the Web-as-Corpus (WAC-XI) guest section, eds. Piotr Bański, Marc Kupietz, Harald Lüngen, Paul Rayson, Hanno Biber, Evelyn Breiteneder, Simon Clematide, John Mariani, Mark Stevenson and Theresa Sick, 7–12. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache.

Lahaussois, Aimée. 2014. The Kiranti comparable corpus. In Endangered languages and new technologies, ed. Mari C. Jones, 17–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107279063.004

Loi du 27 juillet 2003 Journal officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, https://data.legilux.public.lu/filestore/eli/etat/leg/loi/2003/07/27/n4/jo/fr/html/eli-etat-leg-loi-2003-07-27-n4-jo-fr-html.html (accessed July 1, 2023).

McEnery, Anthony Mark, and Richard Xiao. 2007. Parallel and comparable corpora: What are they up to? In Incorporating Corpora: Translation and the Linguist, eds. Gunilla Anderman and Margaret Rogers, 8-31. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853599873-005

McEnery, Tony, and Andrew Hardie. 2011. Corpus linguistics: method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511981395

Partsch, Thibaut, and Jeremy Houet. 2012. Country report: Luxembourg. The Columbia Journal of European Law Online 18 (2): 55–66, https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/11664055/the-trust-in-continental-europe-a-brief-comment- (accessed July 1, 2023).

Pontrandolfo, Gianluca. 2019. Legal linguistics in Italy. In Legal linguistics beyond borders: language and law in a world of media, globalisation and social conflicts, ed. Vogel Friedemann, 59–80. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.

Salmi-Tolonen, Tarja. 2013. Legal linguistics as a line of study and an academic discipline. In Language in the negotiation of justice. Contexts, issues and applications, eds. Christopher Williams and Girolamo Tessuto, 259–78. Farnham: Ashgate.

Sandor, Istvan. 2015. Fiduciary property management and the trust, historical and comparative law analysis. Bucharest: Hvgorac.

Santos, Andr´e. 2011. A survey on parallel corpora alignment, MI-STAR: 117–28.

Teubert, Wolfgang. 1996. Comparable or parallel corpora? International Journal of Lexicography 9: 238–64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijl/9.3.238

Vicari, Andrea. 2012. Country reports: San Marino. The Columbia journal of European law online 18: 81–92.

Vogel, Friedemann, Hanjo Hamann, and Isabelle Gauer. 2018. Computer-assisted legal linguistics: corpus analysis as a new tool for legal studies. Law & Social Inquiry 43(4): 1340–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12305