Keywords
the principle of determinacy
legal rules
competent legislation principle
How to Cite
Abstract
The Constitutional Tribunal and legal science derived the principle of competent legislation from among numerous principles stemming from the concept of a democratic legal state (article 2 of the Constitution of 1997). This principle consists of a range of detailed elements, the normative content of which constitutes the principle of the citizen’s confidence in the state and the law established by it, legal certainty and legality. The major components of this principle are as follows: the principle lex retro non agit, the principle vacatio legis, the principle of the protection of acquired rights, the principle of determinacy of legal rules. Additionally, the following principles have been distinguished: the principle pacta sunt servanta, the prohibition of changes in the tax law during a tax year, the requirement to protect the interests in progress as well as the requirement to specify the guidelines concerning the content of a regulation. The subject of this article consists of the analysis of the principle, which directly relates to the linguistic aspect of law - the principle of determinacy of legal rules. To be an effective means of communication between a legislator and those subject to established norms, legal language must be subject to certain requirements, which stem from the described principle. The essence of the principle of determinacy of legislation consists in the obligation to create laws with correct, precise and clear content. Due to the limited space of this study, I will confine myself to the problem of substantiating the binding force of the discussed principle, its content, exemplification of its violation by a legislator, factors affecting the level of determinacy in a particular case as well as the scope of unconstitutionality of legal rules that do not comply with the established requirements.References
Bafia, Jerzy. 1980. Zasady tworzenia prawa. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Bałaban Andrzej, Dubel Lech, Leszczyński Leszek. 1986. Zasady tworzenia prawa, Lublin: UMCS.
Bąkowski, Tomasz. 2006. Zasady techniki prawodawczej a prawotwórstwo organów jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Państwo i Prawo 1.
Choduń, Agnieszka. 2007. Słownictwo tekstów aktów prawnych w zasobie leksykalnym współczesnej polszczyzny. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Trio.
Działocha Kazimierz, Zalasiński Tomasz. 2006. Zasada prawidłowej legislacji jako podstawa kontroli konstytucyjności prawa. Przegląd Legislacyjny 3.
Lang, Wiesław. 1962. Obowiązywanie prawa. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Malinowski, Lech. 2006. Redagowanie tekstu prawnego. Wybrane wskazania logiczno-językowe. Warszawa: LexisNexis.
Morawska, Ewa. 2002. Klauzula państwa prawnego w Konstytucji RP na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN
Michalska, Anna and Wronkowska, Sławomira. 1983. Zasady tworzenia prawa, Poznań: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza.
Myślińska Marzena. 2009. Zasada odpowiedniego vacatio legis jako element prawidłowej legislacji. In: Zbiór tez i opinii IV Międzynarodowej Naukowo-praktycznej Konferencji Młodych Naukowców: „Życie prawne: stan współczesny a perspektywy rozwoju”. Łuck
Nawrot, Oktawian. 2007. Wprowadzenie do logiki dla prawników. Kraków: Wolters Kluwer Polska.
Potrzeszcz, Jadwiga. 2007. Idea państwa prawnego w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego im. Jana Pawła II.
Salitra, Dariusz. 2003. Zasady przyzwoitej legislacji w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Przegląd Sejmowy 4(57).
Seidler Grzegorz Leopold, Groszyk Henryk, Malarczyk Jan, Pieniążek Antoni. 2001. Wstęp do nauki o państwie i prawie. Lublin: UMCS.
Spyra, Tomasz. 2003. Zasada określoności regulacji prawnej na tle orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego i niemieckiego sądu konstytucyjnego. Transformacje Prawa Prywatnego 3: 53-75.
Wierczyński, Grzegorz. 2005. Zasady techniki prawodawczej (uwagi polemiczne). Państwo i Prawo 4.
Wojtczak, Sylwia. 2005. Zasady techniki prawodawczej – luka w prawie? Państwo i Prawo 1.
Wronkowska, Sławomira. 1990. Technika prawodawcza. Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny 1.
Wronkowska, Sławomira. 2000. W sprawie postępowania legislacyjnego w przepisach Regulaminu Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Przegląd Sejmowy 2.
Wronkowska, Sławomira. 2005. Zasady techniki prawodawczej – czy rzeczywiście luka w prawie?. Państwo i Prawo 2.
Wronkowska, Sławomira. 2006. Zasady przyzwoitej legislacji w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. In Księga XX-lecia orzecznictwa Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Zubik, Marek (ed.). Warszawa: Biuro Trybunału Konstytucyjnego.
Wronkowska – Jaśkiewicz, Sławomira. 2000. Zagadnienia procesu legislacyjnego, Przegląd Legislacyjny 1.
Wronkowska, Sławomira, Zieliński Maciej. 1993. Problemy i zasady redagowania tekstów prawnych. Warszawa: Urząd Rady Ministrów.
Wronkowska, Sławomira. 2006. Zieliński Maciej, Zasady techniki prawodawczej. Komentarz. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe.
Wronkowska, Sławomira, Zieliński Maciej, Ziembiński Zygmunt. 1974. Zasady prawa. Zagadnienia podstawowe. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Prawnicze.
Wronkowska Sławomira, Ziembiński Zygmunt. 2001. Zarys teorii prawa. Poznań: Ars boni et aequi.
Wróblewski, Jerzy. 1989. Zasady tworzenia prawa. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Wróblewski, Jerzy. 1959. Zagadnienia teorii wykładni prawa ludowego. Warszawa.
Zalasiński, Tomasz. 2004. W sprawie pojęcia konstytucyjnej zasady prawa. Państwo i Prawo 8.
Zalasiński, Tomasz. 1997. Konstytucyjne zasady prawa. In Charakter i struktura norm Konstytucji. Janusz Trzciński (ed.). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe.
Zalasiński, Tomasz. 2005. Uwagi w sprawie Zasad techniki prawodawczej (w związku z art. S. Wojtczak), Państwo i Prawo 6.
Zieliński, Adam. 1996. Pewność prawa. In Jakość prawa, Kołakowska-Przełomiec, Helena (ed.). Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy ABC.
License
When submitting a paper the author agrees to the following publishing agreement and processing personal data.
PUBLICATION AGREEMENT, COPYRIGHT LICENSE, PERSONAL DATA PROCESSING CONSENT
This is a publication agreement and copyright license (“Agreement”) regarding a written manuscript currently submitted via Pressto platform
(“Article”) to be published in Comparative Legilinguistics International Journal for Legal Communication (“Journal”).
The parties to this Agreement are:
the Author or Authors of the submitted article (individually, or if more than one author, collectively, “Author”) and Comparative Legilinguistics International Journal for Legal Communication (“Publisher”), address al. Niepodległości 4, 61-874 Poznań, represented by its editor in chief Aleksandra Matulewska.
§1. LICENSE OF COPYRIGHT
a) The Author and the Publisher agree that the Author grants a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which is incorporated herein by reference and is further specified at Creative Commons — Attribution 4.0 International — CC BY 4.0 copyright license in the Article to the general public.
b) The Author grants to the Publisher a royalty-free, worldwide nonexclusive license to publish, reproduce, display, distribute, translate and use the Article in any form, either separately or as part of a collective work, including but not limited to a nonexclusive license to publish the Article in an issue of the Journal, copy and distribute individual reprints of the Article, authorize reproduction of the entire Article in another publication, and authorize reproduction and distribution of the Article or an abstract thereof by means of computerized retrieval systems (such as Westlaw, Lexis and SSRN). The Author retains ownership of all rights under copyright in the Article, and all rights not expressly granted in this Agreement.
c) The Author grants to the Publisher the power to assign, sublicense or otherwise transfer any and all licenses expressly granted to the Publisher under this Agreement.
d) Republication. The Author agrees to require that the Publisher be given credit as the original publisher in any republication of the Article authorized by the Author. If the Publisher authorizes any other party to republish the Article under the terms of paragraphs 1c and 1 of this Agreement, the Publisher shall require such party to ensure that the Author is credited as the Author.
§2. EDITING OF THE ARTICLE
a) The Author agrees that the Publisher may edit the Article as suitable for publication in the Journal. To the extent that the Publisher’s edits amount to copyrightable works of authorship, the Publisher hereby assigns all right, title, and interest in such edits to the Author.
§3. WARRANTIES
a) The Author represents and warrants that to the best of the Author’s knowledge the Article does not defame any person, does not invade the privacy of any person, and does not in any other manner infringe upon the rights of any person. The Author agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Publisher against all such claims.
b) The Author represents and warrants that the Author has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to grant the licenses granted in this Agreement.
c) The Author represents and warrants that the Article furnished to the Publisher has not been published previously. For purposes of this paragraph, making a copy of the Article accessible over the Internet, including, but not limited to, posting the Article to a database accessible over the Internet, does not constitute prior publication so long as the as such copy indicates that the Article is not in final form, such as by designating such copy to be a “draft,” a “working paper,” or “work-in-progress”. The Author agrees to hold harmless the Publisher, its licensees and distributees, from any claim, action, or proceeding alleging facts that constitute a breach of any warranty enumerated in this paragraph.
§4. TERM
a) The agreement was concluded for an unspecified time.
§5. PAYMENT
a) The Author agrees and acknowledges that the Author will receive no payment from the Publisher for use of the Article or the licenses granted in this Agreement.
b) The Publisher agrees and acknowledges that the Publisher will not receive any payment from the Author for publication by the Publisher.
§6. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
a) This Agreement supersedes any and all other agreements, either oral or in writing, between the Author and the Publisher with respect to the subject of this Agreement. This Agreement contains all of the warranties and agreements between the parties with respect to the Article, and each party acknowledges that no representations, inducements, promises, or agreements have been made by or on behalf of any party except those warranties and agreements embodied in this Agreement.
b) In all cases not regulated by this Agreement, legal provisions of Polish Copyright Act and Polish Civil Code shall apply.
c) Any disputes arising from the enforcement of obligations connected with this Agreement shall be resolved by a court competent for the headquarters of the Publisher.
d) Any amendments or additions to the Agreement must be made in writing and signed by authorised representative of both parties, otherwise being ineffective.
e) This Agreement is signed electronically and the submission of the article via the PRESSto platform is considered as the conclusion of the Agreement by the Author and the Publisher.
f) Clause for consent to the processing of personal data - general
g) The Author shall give his or her consent to the processing of their personal data in accordance with the Act of 10 May 2018 on the protection of personal data and Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of persons physical in connection with the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46 / EC (General Data Protection Regulation) for the purpose and in connection with making publications available on the PRESSto scientific journals platform and DeGruyter platform, guaranteeing the security of services rendered, and improving them.
I HAVE READ AND AGREE FULLY WITH THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT.
The Author The Publisher