Mots-clés
constitution
officielle
minorité
sociolinguistique
Comment citer
Résumé
40 ans après la proclamation de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits des Peuples, et 54 ans après son indépendance, l’Algérie officialisa le Tamazight, langue maternelle de près de 9 millions de Berbères.
Mais, malgré sa constitutionnalisation depuis 2016, le Tamazight reste une langue marginalisée, minorisée pour ne pas dire ignorée. Il est le parent pauvre du gouvernement. A ce jour, le Tamazight peine à se retrouver. Ignoré de l’administration et de la justice, il joue à peine le rôle de figurant dans l’enseignement. Deux ans après sa constitutionnalisation (langue nationale et officielle), il est toujours à son balbutiement dans la vie quotidienne des gens qui le parlent (i.e. : les Amazighofones ou Berbérophones). Il n’est enseigné que pour 6,67% des 9 millions d’élèves inscrits. Non introduit dans plusieurs wilayas du pays, beaucoup plus facultatif qu’obligatoire, le Tamazight reste une langue à enseigner et non une langue d’enseignement.
L’officialisation de Tamazight et son application concrète sur les terrains juridique, éducatif, politique, économique... soulèvent beaucoup d’enjeux. Beaucoup de mentalités sont à revoir et d’énormes complexes doivent être dépassés. Il ne suffit pas de proclamer une langue « officielle » pour lui rendre ses lettres de noblesse. En ce qui concerne l’Algérie dans les domaines linguistique et démocratique, hélas, beaucoup reste à faire pour pouvoir construire une Algérie de l'espoir, l’Algérie de demain.
Références
Achab, Ramdane. 1995. Aménagement du berbère: la place de la néologie. Imazighen Ass-a 2–3 : 24–28.
Ait Menguellet, Lounis. 2005. La langue, c’est la mère, la terre. Liberté, mars 14.
Boukous, Ahmed. 2018. Trente millions de berbérophones. Les Collections de l’Histoire N° 78, janvier-mars, https://www.lhistoire.fr/carte/trente-millions-de-berb%C3%A9rophones (consultation fevrier 27, 2018).
Calvet, Jean-Louis.1996. Les politiques linguistiques. Paris: PUF.
Chaker, Salem. 2016. L’Officialisation du Berbère en Algérie: Fictions ou réalités. Liberté, fevrier 25, https://tamurt.info/2016/02/29/lofficialisation-du-berbere-en-algeriefictions-ou-realites-par-salem-chaker/70682/ (consultation fevrier 27, 2018).
Chelli, Amirouche. 2012. Manuel didactico-pédagogique d'initiation à la langue berbère de Kabylie. Paris : Publibook.
Dourari, Abderrezak. 2017. Consolider l’enseignement de Tamazight. Est Républicain, janvier 16, http://www.lestrepublicain.com/index.php/actualite/item/33659-consolider-l%E2%80%99enseignement-de-tamazight (consultation fevrier 27, 2018).
Fyle, Clifford Nelson. 1983. Les langues nationales et identité culturelle. Le Courrier de l’UNESCO 7 : 6–7, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000055452_fre (consultation juin 27, 2022)
Haddadou, Mohand Akli. 2016. Tamazight, langue officielle, l’espoir de toute une génération. El Watan, Fevrier 16, https://www.elwatan.com/edition/contributions/tamazight-langue-officielle-lespoir-de-toute-une-generation-02-02-2016 (consultation juin 27, 2022).
Hampathe Ba, Amadou. 1991. Amkoullel, l’enfant Peul–Mémoires Tome 1. Arles: Actes Sud.
Mammeri, Mouloud. 1980. Poèmes Kabyles anciens. Paris : Maspero.
Millward, Michael. 2016. Journée internationale de la langue maternelle. Mapexpress, fevrier 20, https://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/journee-internationale-de-la-langue-maternelle (consultation fevrier 27, 2018).
Mouloudj, Mohamed. 2018. Enseignement de tamazight: ces chiffres qui disent les contraintes. Liberté, fevrier 26, https://www.algerie360.com/enseignement-tamazight-chiffres-disent-contraintes/ (consultation fevrier 27, 2018).
Oussalem, Mohand Ouamar. 2017. Consolider l’enseignement de Tamazight. Est Républicain, janvier 16, http://lestrepublicain.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=33659:consolider-l%E2%80%99enseignement-de-tamazight&Itemid=585 (consultation juin 27, 2022).
Stendhal, Marie-Henri Beyle.1928. Racine et Shakespeare. Paris: Le Divan.
Tamazgha, ONG. 2017. L’Etat algérien et la question amazighe. Nations Unies, Conseil Economique et Social, https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CERD/Shared%20Documents/DZA/INT_CERD_NGO_DZA_29509_F.pdf (consultation mai 27. 2018)
Textes Juridiques (Journaux Officiels de la République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire: JORA)
Décret N° 96-438 du 07/12/1996, JORA 76 du 08/12/1996.
Décret Présidentiel N° 89-18 du 28/02/1989, JORA 09 du 01/03/1989.
Loi 16-01 du 06/03/2016, JORA 14 du 07/03/2016.
Loi 02-03 du 10/04/2002, JORA 25 du 14/04/2002.
Textes Universels
Déclaration Universelle des Droits des Peuples, Alger, 1976.
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