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Abstract
В статье анализируется проблематика онтологической структуры права. Рассматриваются различные подходы к ее осмыслению, противоречия между которыми снимаются в дискурсе правопорядка. Он позволяет выявить социальные основания права – правовые ситуации, разрешаемые легитимной инстанцией. Дискурс правопорядка формируется в контексте политических и правовых учений философов эпохи Просвещения, поставивших вопрос об универсальном характере правовой структуры и предложивших принципиально новую методологию ее познания. Впоследствии этот дискурс будет оригинально интерпретирован автором «либертарной» теории понимания права акад. В.С. Нерсесянцем. Однако уже в начале XX века становятся очевидными и слабые стороны дискурса правопорядка, что приводит к кризису правосознания. Ответом на него была концепция «политической теологии» К. Шмитта, направленная на установление логического соотношения между нормой и фактом в структуре права. В то же время соперничество точек зрения в рамках единого научного дискурса обнаруживало такой его существенный компонент как свободная дискуссия. Тем не менее, пространство дискуссии о сущности права остается искусственно суженным за счет значительного влияния на юридическое поле политического поля, не ставящего вопрос о суверенитете на всеобщее обсуждение
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