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Abstrakt
Unia Europejska funkcjonuje w wielu językach, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie również w jej systemie prawnym. Praca z ponad dwudziestoma autentycznymi wersjami językowymi unijnego prawodawstwa stanowi dodatkowe wyzwanie w procesie interpretacji. W odróżnieniu od innych prac, niniejszy artykuł nie przedstawia analizy procesu interpretacji dokonywanej przez skład sędziowski lub rzeczników generalnych, lecz badanie stanowisk uczestników sporu oraz sądów krajowych inicjujących postępowanie prejudycjalne, w których odwoływano się do wielojęzyczności.
Niniejsza praca jest podzielona na dwie części. W pierwszej autorka koncentruje się na sprawach, w których sąd krajowy lub strona odwołują się do wielojęzyczności prawa UE. Druga część jest poświęcona zagadnieniu wielojęzyczności orzecznictwa TSUE. W odróżnieniu od prawa UE, wyroki TSUE oraz opinie rzeczników generalnych są autentyczne jedynie w wybranych językach. Badanie wykazało, że istnienie tylko jednej wersji językowej nie eliminuje problemów związanych z wielojęzyczną naturą unijnego dyskursu prawnego.
Oba zagadnienia zostały przeanalizowane w oparciu o treść wyroków i opinii wydanych w sprawach ostatnio rozstrzygniętych przez TSUE. Oczywiście, stanowiska stron oraz sądów krajowych, podnoszących kwestie związane z wielojęzycznością nie zawsze mają znaczący wpływ na wynik sprawy. Niemniej, perspektywa przyjęta w artykule służy pokazaniu różnorodnych możliwości wykorzystania komparatystki językowej w procesie interpretacji prawa.
Finansowanie
The research presented in this paper is part of the project
Linguistic comparison as an interpretative tool of the Court of Justice of the European Union financed by the Polish National Science Centre (agreement no. UMO-2014/13/N/HS5/01278).
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