Abstrakt
Zgodnie z zasadą pewności prawa, wynikającą z zasady demokratycznego państwa prawa, obywatele powinni mieć możliwość zapoznania się z obowiązującymi aktami prawnymi. Zatem adresat norm prawnych powinien mieć dostęp do prawa w języku, który zna. Aby zagwarantować spełnienie tego wymogu w środowisku wielojęzycznym (takim jak państwo wielojęzyczne lub Unia Europejska), akty prawne uchwala się i publikuje we wszystkich językach urzędowych, przyjmując, że wszystkie wersje językowe są w równym stopniu autentyczne i tworzą znaczenie aktu prawnego. Dzięki temu obywatel może oprzeć swoją wiedzę o obowiązującym prawie tylko na aktach prawnych uchwalonych w jego języku ojczystym. Z drugiej strony, trudno jest uniknąć niezgodności między wersjami językowymi aktów prawnych, wynikających z natury języków (nie ma dwóch identycznych języków) lub błędów popełnionych podczas tworzenia prawa. Artykuł opisuje metody, stosowane przez sędziów Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej oraz sądów krajowych, w celu usunięcia niezgodności między wersjami językowymi aktów prawnych Unii Europejskiej. W artykule, na podstawie analizy orzecznictwa, wyjaśniono, czy unijna zasada wielojęzyczności prawnej de facto gwarantuje pewność prawa oraz jak sądy mogą zapewnić prawo do oparcia swojej wiedzy o wielojęzycznym prawie tylko o wersję w znanym adresatowi języku.
Finansowanie
Polish National Science Centre funds allocated on the basis of the decision no. DEC-2013/11/D/HS5/01822.
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