Abstrakt
Tłumaczenie konsekutywne to proces transferencji informacji zawartej w tekście wyjściowym – istotne jest zatem odtworzenie konceptualnej sieci wypowiedzi nadawcy, a nie skupianie się na pojedynczych słowach. Z jednej strony tłumacz odtwarza wyjściowy tekst w języku docelowym, a z drugiej – pełni funkcję edukacyjną, tzn. dostosowuje tłumaczoną informację do potrzeb i kognitywnych możliwości odbiorcy. W razie zakłóceń natury fizycznej tłumacz stosuje szereg strategii „kompensacyjnych” – mniej lub bardziej świadomie odwołuje się do schematów poznawczych dostępnych w jego mózgu, a także stosuje myślenie heurystyczne. Oprócz wiedzy odnoszącej się do elementarnych pojęć z zakresu danej dziedziny oraz wysoko rozwiniętej kompetencji językowej istotną rolę odgrywają również cechy oraz uwarunkowania psychologiczne samego tłumacza, jego uzdolnienia oraz inteligencja. Można przypuszczać, iż deficyty w sferze językowej lub w zakresie wiedzy profesjonalnej są rekompensowane posiadanymi zdolnościami psychologicznymi. Ważną rolę odgrywa wrażliwość na komunikaty niewerbalne i parawerbalne. Ustawiczne poszerzanie i utrwalanie wiedzy o świecie oraz doskonalenie kompetencji językowej pozwala odciążyć pamięć operacyjną. Na osi wiedza-język zachodzi permanentne sprzężenie zwrotne, dlatego poszerzanie wiedzy językowej pociąga za sobą rozwój zdolności kognitywnych, a doskonalenie umiejętności poznawczych niejako „wymusza” stałą aktualizację języka tłumacza. W zawodzie tłumacza konsekutywnego ważne jest dokonywanie auto- i metaanalizy, gdyż w przyszłości pozwala to uniknąć wcześniej popełnianych błędów i zapobiec powstawaniu nowych.Bibliografia
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