Challenges in the translation of legal texts: the case in Kosovo
PDF

Keywords

analysis
corpus
challenges;
language
legal
translation
KWIC Concordance

How to Cite

Sopjani, V., & Hamiti, V. (2023). Challenges in the translation of legal texts: the case in Kosovo. Comparative Legilinguistics, 52, 351–380. https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.52.2022.15

Abstract

Our paper conducts a contrastive analysis between Albanian and English lexical units in the language of laws using corpora analysis. It fills a literature gap related to Corpus linguistics in order to better comprehend patterns of legal lexicon. We use KWIC Concordance to extract the top frequently words and concordance lines in order to analyse differences and similarities among lexical units in Albanian (Source Language) and English (Target Language) laws, compared to those identified in respective corpora. Additionally, we identify types of errors in translation, difficulties in translating legal texts, and factors that influence translators’ errors in translating certain laws of the Republic of Kosovo from Albanian into English. According to our analysis, both languages have in common the use of the same grammatical patterns such as: conjunctions, prepositions, and the use of the common noun forms. The rest have significant differences in their usage, especially with regards to particles and determiners. Our contrastive approach demonstrates that some of these laws were not originally written in Albanian and then translated into English language, as many articles within these laws lack the appropriate word structure and word order and in some cases are semantically ill-formed in the Source Language.

Key words: analysis, corpus, language, legal, translation, KWIC Concordance.

 

https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.52.2022.15
PDF

References

Baker, Mona, and Gabriela Saldanha. 2001. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge.

Baker, Paul. 2006. Using corpora in discourse analysis. London: Continuum. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350933996 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350933996

Bolaños-García-Escribano, Alejandro, Jorge Díaz-Cintas, and Serenella Massidda. 2021. Latest advancements in audiovisual translation education. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 15(1): 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2021.1880308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2021.1880308

Bolaños-García-Escribano, Alejandro, Jorge Díaz-Cintas, and Serenella Massidda. 2018. Recent trends in translator training - audiovisual translation and applied technologies at stake. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 12(2): 254-255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2018.1478476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1750399X.2018.1478476

Byrne, Jody. 2007. Caveat translator: Understanding the legal consequences of errors in professional translation. The Journal of Specialised Translation 7: 2-23.

Chun-Guang, Tian. 2014. An Empirical Research on the Corpus-Driven Lexical Chunks Instruction. International Journal of English Language Teaching 2(2): 1-36.

Hale, Sandra. 2014. Interpreting culture. Dealing with cross-cultural issues in court interpreting. Perspectives Studies in Translatology 22(3): 321-331. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2013.827226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2013.827226

Hunston, Susan. 2002. Corpora in Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: University of Birmingham. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524773

Jeaco, Stephen. 2017. Helping Language Learners Put Concordance Data in Context. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching 7(2): 22-39. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCALLT.2017040102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCALLT.2017040102

Koljada, Natalija, Svetlana Kowalskaia, and Ashhen Melkonyan. 2019. Translation as a means of interpersonal and interethnic communication. XLinguae 12(2): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2019.12.02.07 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2019.12.02.07

Kuleli, Mesut. 2019. Identification of translation procedures for culture specific items in a short story. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15(3): 1105-1121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631551

Larson, Mildred L. 1984. Meaning-based translation: A guide to cross-language equivalence. New York, Oxford: University Press of America.

Newmark, Leonard, Philip Hubbard, and Peter Prifti. 1982. Standard Albanian. Stanford, California: Stanford University Print.

Newmark, Peter. 1981. Approaches to Translation. London: Pergamon.

Nida, Eugene A., and Charles Taber. 1974.The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Okyayuz, Ayşe Şirin. 2019. Translation and Language and Cultural Policies: The Importance of Political Cognizance in Audiovisual Translator Training. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 15(3): 937-952. https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631538 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17263/jlls.631538

O'Donnell, Brook Matthew. 2008. KWICgrouper - Designing a tool for corpus-driven concordance analysis. International Journal of English language 8 (1): 107-121.

Perkhach, Roksolana-Yustyna, and Yuliia Shyika. 2018. The Methodology of Frequency Dictionaries to the Instructions to Medical Products. In IEEE 13th International Scientific and Technical Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT): 26-29. DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.1109/STC-CSIT.2018.8526600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/STC-CSIT.2018.8526600

Pham, Anh Tuan, Linh Thi Diem Nguyen, and Vi Thi Tuong Pham. 2022. English language students' perspectives on the difficulties in translation courses: Implication for language education. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 18(1): 180-189.

Ralarala, Monwabisi K. 2014. Transpreters' translations of complainants' narratives as evidence: Whose version goes to court? The Translator 20(3): 377-395. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2014.934002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2014.934002

Scott, Juliette, and John O'Shea. 2022. Translation in Libel cases: Reputations at Stake! Comparative Legilinguistics 50: 123-179. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.50.2022.7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/cl.50.2022.7

Stein, Daniel. 2018. Machine translation. Past, present and future. In Language technologies for a multilingual Europe: TC3 III, eds. Georg Rehm, Felix Sasaki, Daniel Stein and Andreas Witt, 5-17. Berlin: Language Science Press.

Yunus, Kamariah, and Suʹad Awab. 2012. The Effects of the Use of Module-Based Concordance Materials and Data-Driven Learning (DDL) Approach in Enhancing the Knowledge of Collocations of Prepositions among Malaysian Undergraduate Law Students. The International Journal of Learning: Annual Review 18(9): 181-198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v18i09/47758. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18848/1447-9494/CGP/v18i09/47758

Vaughan, Elaine and Anne O'Keeffe. 2015. Corpus Analysis. In The International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction, eds. Karen Tracy, Cornelia Ilie and Todd Sandel, 252-268. Denver, CO: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Venuti, Lawrence. 1995. The Translator's Invisibility. A History of Translation. London: Routledge.

Welbers, Kasper, Wouter Van Atteveldt, and Kenneth Benoit. 2017. Text Analysis in R. Communication Methods and Measures 11(4): 245-265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1387238

ASI (Assembly Support Initiative Newsletter). OSCE Mission in Kosovo. February 2005, No. 15, Special Edition. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/1/d/15261.pdf (accessed June 27, 2022).

Law no. 05/L-021 on Protection from Discrimination. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=10924 (accessed July 14, 2022).

Law no. 02/L-037 on the Use of Official Languages. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2440 (accessed July 15, 2020).

Law no. 06/L-084 on Child Protection. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDocumentDetail.aspx?ActID=20844 (accessed June 25, 2022).

Law no. 03/L-224 on the Kosovo Prosecutorial Council. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2709 (accessed July 14, 2022).

Law no. 06/L-055 on Kosovo Judicial Council. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=18335 (accessed June 28, 2022).

Law no. 05/L-021 on the Protection from Discrimination. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=10924 (accessed August 12, 2022).

Law no. 06/L-081 on Access to Public Documents. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova, https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=20505 (accessed August 28, 2022).

Law no. 03/L-149 on Civil Service. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=2679 (accessed August 29, 2022).

Law no. 06/L-082 on Personal Data Protection. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=18616 (accessed August 30, 2022).

Law no. 06/L-113 on Organization and Functioning of State Administration and Independent Agencies. Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosova. https://gzk.rks-gov.net/ActDetail.aspx?ActID=18684 (accessed August 30, 2022).