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Joseon
Koreanki
tożsamość kobiet
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Abstrakt
Niniejsze badanie opisanych w Sabeobpumbo (사법품보; 司法稟報) przypadków przestępstw dotyczących kobiet ma na celu analizę przykładów mówiących o kobiecej tożsamości z czasów Joseon, jak i percepcji roli kobiet w patriarchalnym społeczeństwie. Cnotliwość kobiet odgrywała olbrzymią rolę w ich życiu gdyż korelowała z ich społeczną ‘wartością’. Kobiety z racji swego niskiego statusu często były niesprawiedliwie piętnowane za udział w konfliktach domowych. Przyjmowano także, że mają się one wiernie stosować do zasad starszeństwa i podległości. Zdarzały się jednakże wyjątki. Sabeobpumbo zawiera szczególnego rodzaju świadectwa dotyczące koreańskich kobiet, w których opisane są one jako jednostki niezależne i buntujące się przeciwko konserwatywnemu społeczeństwu, działające z nadzieją na przełamanie ograniczeń sztywnych ram społecznych. W pewnych przypadkach kobiety z Joseon świadomie i z różnych przyczyn opuszczały swoich mężów, choć w znacznej mierze było to spowodowane brakiem stabilności finansowej lub zaniedbywaniem przez nich męskich obowiązków. Zaskakująco niektóre z nich dołożyły jednocześnie wszelkich starań, by nie tylko zachować, ale i by zadbać o honor męża i jego rodziny. Co ciekawe, kobiety te nie tylko zostały uniewinnione z zarzucanych im czynów, ale nawet spotkały się z cichą aprobatą opinii publicznej. Te przykłady prezentują zaskakującą perspektywę, która bezpośrednio kłóci się z przyjętymi w czasach dynastii Joseon normami i daje podstawę do dalszych badań nad złożonością koreańskiej tożsamości kobiecej.
Bibliografia
Chang, Byung-inn (장병인). 2003. 조선 중·후기 간통에 대한 규제의 강화 (Joseon jung·hugi gantong-e daehan gyuje-ui ganghwa; A reinforcement of adultery regulations in the Middle·Late Choson period). 한국사연구 (Hanguksa yeongu; The Journal of Korean History), no. 121: 83–116.
Daemyeongryul Hyeongryul 대명률 형률 大明律 刑律 (The Great Ming Code. Criminal Code). https://db.itkc.or.kr/dir/item?itemId=GO#/dir/node?dataId=ITKC_GP_1461A&solrQ=query%E2%80%A0%EB%8C%80%EB%AA%85%EB%A5%A0$solr_sortField%E2%80%A0$solr_sortOrder%E2%80%A0$solr_secId%E2%80%A0GO_SJ$solr_toalCount%E2%80%A01$solr_curPos%E2%80%A00$solr_solrId%E2%80%A0SJ_ITKC_GP_1461A (Accessed 23 Feb. 2023)
Deuchler, Marina. 2013. 한국의 유교화 과정 (Hangug-ui yugyohwa gwajeong). Trans. by Lee Hun-sang (이훈상). 서울: 너머북스 (Seoul: Neomeobukseu).
Han, Boram (한보람). 2022. 갑오개혁 직후 (1894-1897) 여성 관련 범죄의 사회적 의미 – 사법품보 (司法稟報) 문서 분석을 중심으로 – (Gabo gaehyeok jikhu (1894-1897) yeoseong gwallyeon beomjoe-ui sahoejeok uimi – ‘Sabeoppumbo’ (司法稟報) munseo bunseog-eul jungsim-euro – ; Analysis on Social Implication of Female Crimes after the Gabo Reform – based on the Review of ‘Sabuppumbo (司法稟報)’). 역사와 실학 (Yeoksa-wa silhak; The Yeoksa and Silhak), no. 77: 203–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31335/HPTS.2022.04.77.203
Jung, Ji Young (정지영). 2000. 조선후기 과부의 수절과 재혼: 경상도 단성현 호적대장에서 찾은 과부들의 삶 (Joseon hugi gwabu-ui sujeol-gwa jaehon: Gyeongsang-do Danseonghyeon hojuk daejang-eseo chajeun gwabudeur-ui salm; A Widow’s chaste widowhood and Re-Marriage in the late Joseon Dynasty). 고문서연구 (Gomunseo yeongu; The Journal of Korean Historical Manuscripts), no. 18: 1–30.
Jung, Ji Young (정지영). 2002. 조선후기 호주승계방식의 변화와 종법질서의 확산: 17∙8세기 『단성호적』에 나타난 과부와 그 아들의 지위를 중심으로 (Joseon hugi hoju seunggye bangsig-ui byeonhwa-wa jongbeop jilseo-ui hwaksan: 17-18 segi ‘Danseong hojeok’-e natanan gwabu-wa geu adeul-ui jiwi-reul jungsim-euro; Patriarchal Order and the Rule of the Succession to the Householder in Late Chosun Korea: Widow and Son in ‘Dansung Hojuk’). 한국여성학 (Hangug yeoseonghak; Journal of Korean Women’s Studies), no. 18(2): 5–35.
Kim, SunKyoung (김선경). 2000. 조선 후기 여성의 성, 감시와 처벌 (Joseon hugi yeoseong-ui seong, gamsi-wa cheobeol; The Gender of Women in Late Joseon: Surveillance and Punishment). 역사 연구 (Yeoksa yeongu; The Journal of History), no. 8: 57–100.
Lee, Sun-gu (이순구). 2005. 조선시대 가족제도의 변화와 여성 (Joseon sidae gajok jedo-ui byeonhwa-wa yeoseong; Changes of the family systems and the women of the Chosun dynasty). 한국고전여성문학연구 (Hanguk gojeon yeoseong munhag yeongu; Korean Classical Woman Literature Studies), no. 10: 119–142.
Park, Kyoung (박경). 2009. 살옥(殺獄) 판결을 통해 본 조선후기 지배층의 부처(夫妻)관계상 – 『추관지(秋官志)』 분석을 중심으로 – (Sarok pangyeor-eul tonghae bon Joseon hugi jibaecheung-ui bucheo gwangyesang – ‘Jugwangji’ bunseog-eul jungsim-euro –; The Ideal images of the spousal relationship in the latter half of Joseon dynasty - Examined through judgments on murder cases in ‘Chugwan-ji (秋官志)’). 여성과 역사 (Yeoseong-gwa yeoksa; Women and History), no. 10:35–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22511/women..10.200906.35
Sabeobpumbo, (Gab). 사법품보 (갑) 司法稟報(甲) https://kyudb.snu.ac.kr/book/view.do?book_cd=GK17278_00 (Accessed 3 February, 2023).
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