Słowa kluczowe
mniejszości seksualne
LGBTQ
analiza historyczna
queer
Jak cytować
Abstrakt
Pomimo faktu, że homoseksualizm i inne mniejszości seksualne nigdy nie zostały uznane przez koreański rząd za nielegalne, osoby identyfikujące się jako nieheteronormatywne były i nadal są poddawane ogromnemu ostracyzmowi. Co więcej, społeczność LGBT była i nadal jest narażona na stygmatyzm społeczny. Jakie uwarunkowania kulturowe wpłynęły na sposób postrzegania mniejszości nieheteronormatywnych przez większość społeczeństwa Korei Południowej? Jak mniejszość LGBT rozwijała się na przestrzeni wieków? Kiedy nastawienie Koreańczyków z Południa zmieniło się na lepsze? Poniższy artykuł zawiera odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania, oparte na wnikliwej kwerendzie tekstów związanych z tematem, opartych na źródłach historiograficznych. W pierwszej części omówiono wpływ konfucjańskich idei Trzech Podstawowych Więzi i Pięciu Niezmiennych Cnót (三綱五倫, 삼강오륜 [samgang oryun]) na obraz ‘właściwego związku’ i taoistyczny podział ról płciowych oparty na przeciwnościach energetycznych (yin (陰, 음 [eum]) i yang (陽, 양 [yang])) zostaną wyjaśnione. Posłuży to jako podstawa do zrozumienia kulturowego sprzeciwu wobec związków osób tej samej płci. Poniższy podrozdział zawiera chronologiczny przegląd najważniejszych zapisów historycznych dotyczących związków osób tej samej płci. W trzecim podrozdziale przedstawiono utworzone w latach 90 grupy mniejszości seksualnych, takie jak Chodong Society (초동회 [chodonghoe]), Between Friends (친구사이 [chingusai]) i Maeum 001 (마음001 [maeum gongongil]), które wywarły największy wpływ o rozwoju współczesnego ruchu LGBT w Korei Południowej. W ostatniej części przedstawiono aktualne zmiany i problemy, z jakimi boryka się południowokoreańskie społeczeństwo LGBT.
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