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Abstrakt
Istnieje kilka sprzecznych ze sobą wizerunków Korei. Pierwszy z nich ukazuje ją jako małe, słabe państwo, często atakowane przez silniejszych sąsiadów. Drugi z kolei jako bardzo interesujący kraj z dynamicznym społeczeństwem, długą historią i piękną kulturą. Trzeci głosi, iż Korea pomimo bycia małym krajem jest silna i posiada swoją tożsamość.
Korea podobnie jak i inne kraje potwierdza swoją tożsamość poprzez porównanie z innymi - Chinami, Japonią czy Stanami Zjednoczonymi. Chiny były najsilniejszym imperium w centrum Azji Wschodniej, dlatego też Korea przez długi okres czasu była jej podległa. Japonia z kolei, choć została uznana za kraj mniej cywilizowany od Korei, będąc najpotężniejszym narodem imperialistycznym Azji Wschodniej zdominowała ją na okres 35 lat. Z kolei Stany Zjednoczone ukazały się na początku XX wieku jako wpływowe supermocarstwo - jedyna siła mogąca utrzymać pokój na świecie. Pomimo, iż Korea wybrała prowadzenie polityki posłuszeństwa wobec wspomnianych mocarstw, Koreańczycy w swojej twórczości przez cały czas zachowywali postawę niezależności i oporu.
W folklorze zauważamy uniwersalne prawo, mówiące o tym, iż to najsłabszy zwycięża najsilniejszego. Kontrast pomiędzy silnym a słabym stał się motywem przewodnim wielu podań ludowych, w których koreańscy autorzy pomimo słabości kraju, ukazują wymyślne zwycięstwo Koreańczyków. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu omówienie opowiadań obrazujących zwycięstwo właśnie tych najsłabszych. Opowieści autorstwa generała Yousin Kim oraz Wielkiego Mnicha Samyeonga stanowią najbardziej reprezentatywne przykłady takich narracji.
Bibliografia
Booker, Christopher. 2010. The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories, Continuum.
Fairbank, John King, Reischauer, Edwin and Craig, Albert. 1973. East Asia: Tradition and Transformation, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Huntington, Samuel Phillips and Harrison Lawrence. 2001. 이종인 역. 문화가 중요하다. 서울: 김영사.
Hwang, Seok-yeong (황석영). 1988. 무기의 그늘 2. 파주: 창작과비평사.
Jeon, Gyutae (전규태) (ed.) 1984. 한국고전문학대전집 3. 중앙도서.
Kim, Bushik (김부식). 2010. 이강래 역, 삼국사기 2. 파주: 한길사.
Kim, Mansu (김만수). 2012. 스토리텔링 시대의 플롯과 캐릭터, 서울: 월인.
Thompson, Stith. 1946. The Folktale. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
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