Słowa kluczowe
reprezentatywność
postępowość
orientalizm
estetyczny orientalizm
dziennik z podróży
dyfuzjonizm geograficzny
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Abstrakt
Ten artykuł dotyczy trzech różnych perspektyw jakie pojawiły się w dokumentach zagranicznych gości na temat Korei w początkach XX wieku. Jack London był pisarzem, który pisał powieści bardzo krytyczne w stosunku do społeczeństwa amerykańskiego. Gdy jednak w 1904 roku przyjęto jego postępową perspektywę, opisując sytuację polityczną w Korei, ujawnił on typowy pogląd orientalizmu. Uważał, że Korea i sposób życia Koreańczyków są obrzydliwe i „niecywilizowane”. W porównaniu z punktem widzenia Jacka Londona, książka francuskiego poety Georgesa Ducrocqa przedstawiała Koreę raczej w korzystnym świetle. Odwiedził Koreę w 1901 roku i okazywał uczuciową postawę wobec Korei i jej mieszkańców. Jednak jego sprawozdanie z podróży, Pauvre et Douce Coree, można określić jako reprezentatywny orientalizm estetyczny. Starał się, by wszystkie „koreańskie sprawy” wydały się piękne i miłe, ale prawdą jest, że taki pogląd może ukryć coś konkretnego. Ta perspektywa od samego początku upiększa Koreę, a także w tym samym czasie ukrywa rzeczywisty obraz Korei. E. Burton Holmes był podróżnikiem i często używał swojego „aparatu fotograficznego” do nagrywania rzeczy, których był świadkiem podczas podróży po całym świecie. Tak więc jego reportaż (travelogue) i film fabularny o Korei z 1901 roku opierały się na ścisłej obserwacji i raczej obiektywnym punkcie widzenia. Niemniej jednak nie mógł on uniknąć perspektywy modelu kolonizatora świata, innymi słowy, geograficznego dyfuzjonizmu.Finansowanie
the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2007-361-AM0013)
Bibliografia
Amin, Samir. 2010. Eurocentrism Modernity, Religion, and Democracy: a Critique of Eurocentrism and Culturalism, Monthly Review Press.
Bishop, Isabella. S. Bird. 1898. Korea & Her Neighbours, vol. 2, London; John Murray, Abemarle Street.
Blaut, James M. 1993. The Colonizer’s Model of the World: Geographical Diffusionism and Eurocentric History, New York: The Guilford Publications.
Ducrocq, Georges. 1993. Pauvre et douce Corée, Zulma.
Ducrocq, Georges. 2001. The Poor and Gentle Korea (가련하고 정다운 나라 조선), translated by Choi, Mikyoung, Noonbit.
Eagleton, Terry. 1990. “Modernism and Imperialism”, Terry Eagleton, Fredrick Jameson, Edward W. Said. Nationalism, Colonialism, and Literature, University of Minnesota Press.
Hall, Stuart. 1992. “The West and the Rest：Discourse and Power”, Formations of Modernity, S. Hall & B. Gieben (ed.), Polity Press.
Holmes, Burton. 1908. Burton Holmes Travelogues-With Illustrations from Photographs By the Author: Seoul, the Capital of Korea, New York: The McClure Company.
Kearney, Richard. 2002. Gods and Monsters, Routledge.
London, Jack. 1970. Jack London Reports: War Correspondence, Sports Articles, and Miscellaneous Writings, King Hendricks and Irving Shepard (ed.), Doubleday & Company, Inc., New York.
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