Abstract
On the basis of the data selected from Norwegian newspapers the article sets out to describe general properties of the Norwegian tense system, focusing on the deicitic and grammatical character of the tense forms. A definition of deixis is offered and the difference between the past tenses and future tenses is put into perspective. By using Reichenbach’s logical symbols (moment of event, moment of speech and reference point), an attempt is made to show how Norwegian temporal relations can be described.References
Blühdom, Hardarik. 1993. Deixis und Deiktika in der deutschen Gegenwartssprache. Deutsche Sprache 21, s. 44-62.
Blühdom, Hardarik. 1995. Was ist Dexis? Linguistische Berichte 156, s. 109-142.
Braunmüller, Kurt 1977. Referenz und Pronominalisierung. Zu den Deiktika und Proformen im Deutschen. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
Bühler, Karl. 1965. Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Chomsky, Noam. 1970. Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Semantic Interpretation. I: Jakobson, R. & Kawamoto, S. (eds): Studies in General and Oriental Linguistics, presented to Shiro Hattori on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday. Tokyo: JEC Company Ltd.
Comrie, Bernard. 1985. Tense. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Croft, William. 1990. Typology and Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dahl, Osten. 1971. Tense and World-States. Gothenburg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, nr. 6.
Dahl, Östen (ed.). 2000. Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe (= Eurotyp 20-6). Berlin-New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Eide, Kristin Melum. 2002. Tanker om tempus. Innlegg på fredagsseminar, seksjon for lingvistiske fag, Universitet i Bergen.
Endresen, Rolf Theil, Simonsen, Hanne Gram, Sveen, Andreas (eds). 2000. lnnføring i lingvistikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Engh, Jan. 1993. Tre forelesninger om tempus og om modalverb i norsk (Norskrift Nr 80). Universitet i Oslo, Institutt for nordisk språk og litteratur.
Fabricius-Hansen, Cathrine. 1994. Das dänische und norwegische Tempussystem im Vergleich mit dem deutschen. I: Thieroff, Rolf & Ballweg, Joachim (eds). Tense Systems in European Languages (= Linguistische Arbeiten 308). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, s. 49-68.
Færch, Claus. 1977. A Contrastive Description of Deixis in Danish and English. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 7, s. 61-72.
Fillmore, Charles. 1971. Toward a Theory of Deixis. University of Hawaii Working Papers in Linguistics 3/4, s. 219-242.
Faarlund, Jan Terje, Lie, Svein, Vannebo, Kjell Ivar. 1997. Norsk referansegrammatikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Golden, Anne, Mac Donald, Kirsti, Ryen, Else. 1998. Norsk som fremmedspråk. Grammatikk. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
Green, Keith. 1995. Deixis: a Revaluation of Concepts and Categories. I: Green, Keith (ed.): New Essays in Deixis (Costerus New Series 103). Amsterdam-Atlanta: Rodopi, s. 11-25.
Hennig, Mathilde. 2000. Tempus und Temporalität in geschriebenen und gesprochenen Texten (=Linguistische Arbeiten 421). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag.
Huddleston, Rodney. 1969. Some Observations on Tense and Deixis in English. Language 45, Volume 4, s. 777-806.
Jespersen, Otto. 1922. Language: Its Nature, Development, and Origin. London: Allen & Unwin.
Kryk, Barbara. 1987. On Deixis in English and Polish. The Role of the Demonstrative Pronouns. Frankfurt am Main-Bem-New York: Verlag Peter Lang.
Lakoff, Robin. 1970. Tense and its Relation to Participants. Language 46, s. 838-849.
Lie, Svein. 1998. Kontrastiv grammatikk - med norsk i sentrum. Oslo: Novus Forlag.
Lyons, John. 1977. Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Łęcki, Stanislaw. 1997. Die Vergangenheitstempora im Norwegischen und Deutschen. I: Jahr, Emst Häkon (ed.): Eastern European Contributions to Scandinavian Linguistics (= Studia Nordica 2). Oslo: Novus Forlag, s. 127-140.
Næs, Olav. 1979. Norsk grammatikk. Elementare strukiurerog syntaks. Oslo: Fabritius Forlagshus.
Rauh, Gisa. 1983. Tenses as Deictic Categories. An Analysis of English and German Tenses. I: Rauh, Gisa. (ed.): Essays on Deixis. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, s. 229-275.
Rauh, Gisa. 1984. Aspekte der Deixis. Sprachwissenschaft 9, s. 23-84.
Reichenbach, Hans. 1947. Elements o f Symbolic Logic. New York: Macmillan.
Thaasen, Johan Edvard. 1852. Antydninger til en ny Lsere om vort Modersmaals Tidsformer. I: Jahr, Emst Häkon & Lorentz, Ove (eds). 1985. Morfologi. Oslo: Novus Forlag.
Tschauder, Gerhard. 1990. Anaphorik, Deixis und Metadeixis. Zeitschrift für Phonetik. Sprachwissenschaft und Kommunikationsforschung 43, s. 731-747.
Vannebo, Kjell Ivar. 1979. Tempus og tidsreferanse. Tidsdeiksis i norsk. Oslo: Novus Forlag.
Vannebo, Kjell Ivar. 1985a. Tempussystemet i norsk. Norskrift Nr 46, s. 1-19.
Vannebo, Kjell Ivar. 1985b. Fortidsformer i norsk. Norskrift Nr 46, s. 20-42.
Vannebo, Kjell Ivar. 1985c. Framtidsformer i norsk. Norskrift Nr 46, s. 43-60.
Wunderlich, Dieter. 1971. Pragmatik, Sprechsituation, Deixis. Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik l, s. 153-190.