Abstract
Because of thoughtless decisions or unintentional introduction, alien species disturb native ecosystems. Red oak (Quercus rubra), among other alien woody plants, is still used to rehabilitate degraded land because of its better resistance to pollution and faster growth, as compared to native tree species. Soil mites, especially Oribatida, are good bioindicators of ecosystem disturbance, so the main goal of this study was to explore the influence of invasive and native oaks on mite communities. F orest stands dominated by 40-year-old Q. rubra or 35-year-old Q. robur were compared. Over 2300 soil mites were extracted from 20 soil and 20 litter samples. M ite densities in the communities were higher in red oak litter, which is probably a result of the thicker layer of shed leaves. Changes in species composition of oribatid communities were observed in litter, in contrast to a lack of differences in soil. These observations are consistent with other researches on invasive woody plants. W e expect that over time these changes will also be noticeable in the soil and will increase in litter.
References
Ashton I. W., Hyatt L. A., Howe K. M., Gurevitch J., Lerdau M. T. 2005. I nvasive species accelerate decomposition and litter nitrogen loss in a mixed deciduous forest. E col. Appl. 15: 1263-1272.
Bodył M. 2011. Żołędzie dębu czerwonego [Acorns of the red oak]. G łos lasu: 19-21 (in Polish).
Bogatko T. 2010. G atunki obce w lasach Polski [Alien species in Polish forest stands]. Przyroda Polska: 10-11 (in Polish).
Cantor A., Hale A. Aaron J., Traw M. B., Kalisz S. 2011. Low allelochemical concentrations detected in garlic mustard invaded forest soils inhibit fungal growth and AMF spore germination.Biol. I nvasions. doi: 10.1007/s10530-011-9986-x.
Chmura D., Sierka E. 2006. R elation between invasive plant and species richness of forest floor vegetation: a study of Impatiens parviflora DC . Pol. J . E col. 54: 417-428.
Cianciolo J. M., Norton R. A. 2006. The ecological distribution of reproductive mode in oribatid mites, as related to biological complexity. E xp. Appl. Acarol. 40: 1-25.
Crooks J. A. 2002. C haracterizing ecosystem-level consequences of biological invasions: the role of ecosystem engineers. O ikos 97: 153-166.
Ehrenfeld J. G. 2003. E ffects of exotic plant invasions on soil nutrient cycling processes. E cosystems 6: 503-523.
Ens E. J., French K., Bremner J. B. 2009. E vidence for allelopathy as a mechanism of community composition change by an invasive exotic shrub, Chrysanthemoides monilifera spp. rotundata.Plant Soil 316: 125-137.
Gazda A. 2003. R ośliny drzewiaste jako gatunki inwazyjne [Woody plants as invasive species].Sylwan 147: 65-70 (in Polish).
Gerber E., Krebs C., Murrell C., Morett i M., Rocklin R., Schaff ner U. 2008. E xotic invasive knotweeds (Fallopia spp.) negatively affect native plant and invertebrate communities in E uropean riparian habitats. Biol. C onserv. 141: 646-654.
Gniazdowska A. 2005. O ddziaływania allelopatyczne - „nowa broń” roślin inwazyjnych [Allelopathic interaction - a “novel weapon” of alien invasive plant species]. K osmos 54: 221-226 (in Polish).
Gniazdowska A. 2008. C zy oddziaływania allelopatyczne to „nowa broń” roślin inwazyjnych? Kontrowersje wokół badań dotyczących decydującej roli katechiny w inwazji Centaureamaculosa [Are allelopathic interactions a “novel weapon” of alien invasive plant species? Controversial reports on the role of catechin in Centaurea maculosa invasion]. K osmos 57: 39-41 (in Polish).
Katzur J., Haubold-Rosara M. 1996. Amelioration and reforestation of sulfurous mine soils in Lusatia (Eastern G ermany). W ater Air Soil Poll. 91: 17-32.
Kourtev P. S., Ehrenfeld J. G., Huang W. Z. 2002. E xotic plant species alter the microbial community structure and function in the soil. E cology 83: 3152-3166.
Kowarik I. 1995. Time lags in biological invasions with regard to the success and failure of alien species. I n: Plant invasions − general aspects and special problems (Pyšek P., Prach K., Rejmánek M., Wade P. M., E ds), pp. 15−38, SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam.
Křivánek M., Pyšek P. 2006. Predicting invasions by woody species in a temperate zone: a test of three risk assessment schemes in the C zech R epublic (Central E urope). D ivers. D istrib. 12: 319-327.
Lankau R. A. 2010. I ntraspecific variation in allelochemistry determines an invasive species’ impact on soil microbial communities. O ecologia 189: 536-548.
Lebrun Ph. 1979. Soil mite community diversity. R ec. Adv. Acarology 1: 603-613.
Maraun M., Martens H., Migge S., Theenhaus A., Scheu S. 2003. Adding to ‘the enigma of soil animal diversity’: fungal feeders and saprophagous soil invertebrates prefer similar food substrates.E ur. J . Soil Biol. 39: 85-95.
Maślak M. 2010. Z grupowania mechowców (Acari: O ribatida) w merocenozach kłód buka (Fagussylvatica L.) [Oribatid communities (Acari: O ribatida) in merocenosis of a beech logs (Fagussylvatica L.]. Ph. D . Thesis, U niwersytet Śląski, K atowice (in Polish).
Maurel N., Salmon S., Ponge J.-F., Machon N., Moret J., Muratet A. 2010. D oes the invasive species Reynoutria japonica have an impact on soil and flora in urban wastelands? Biol. I nvasions 12: 1709-1719. doi: 10.1007/s10530-009-9583-4
Nicolini F., Topp W. 2005. Soil properties in plantations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and red oak (Quercus rubra) in reclaimed lignite open-cast mines of the R hineland. G eoderma 129: 65-72.
Niedbała W. 1983. M echowce (Oribatida) jako wskaźniki ekologiczne [Moss mites (Oribatida) as ecological indices]. Z esz. Probl. Post. N auk Przyr. 252: 133-146 (in Polish).
Nielsen U. F., Osler G. H. R., Van Der Wal R., Campb ell C. D., Burslem D. F. R. P. 2008. Soil pore volume and the abundance of soil mites in two contrasting habitats. Soil Biol. Biochem. 40: 1538-1541.
Reich P. B., Oleksyn J., Modrzynski J., Mroziński P., Hobb ie S. E., Eissenstat D. M., Chorover J., Chadwick O. A., Hale C. M., Tjoelker M. G. 2005. Linking litter calcium, earthworms and soil properties: a common garden test with 14 tree species. E col. Lett. 8: 811-818.
Schneider K., Migge S., Norton R. A., Scheu S., Langel R., Reineking A., Maraun M. 2004.
Trophic niche differentiation in soil microarthropods (Oribatida, Acari): evidence from stable isotope ratios (15N/14N). Soil Biol. Biochem. 36: 1769-1774.
Simberloff D., Von Holl e B. 1999. Positive interactions of nonindigenous species: invasional meltdown? Biol. I nvasions 1: 21-32.
Skubała P., Mierny A. 2009. I nvasive Reynoutria taxa as a contaminant of soil. D oes it reduce abundance and diversity of microarthropods and damage soil habitat? Pesticides 1-4: 57-62. Solarz W. 2007. I nwazje biologiczne jako zagrożenie dla przyrody [Biological invasions as a threat for nature]. Post. O chr. R oślin 47: 128-133 (in Polish).
Subías L. S. 2004. Systematic, synonymic and biogeographical check-list of the world’s oribatid mites (Acariformes, O ribatida) (1758−2002). G raellsia 60: 3−305. Actualizado en febrero de 2011: http://www.ucm.es/info/zoo/Artropodos/Catalogo.pdf, C ited 20 D ecember 2011 (in Spanish).
Tokarska-Guzik B., Bzdęga K., Knapik D., Jenczała G. 2006. C hanges in plant species richness in some riparian plant communities as a result of their colonisation by taxa of Reynoutria (Fallopia).Biodiv. R es. C onserv. 1: 123-130.
Vauramo S., Setälä H. 2010. U rban belowground food-web responses to plant community manipulation - I mpacts on nutrient dynamics. Landscape U rban Plan. 97: 1-10.
Weigmann G. 2006. H ornmilben (Oribatida) [Moss mites (Oribatida)]. I n: D ie Tierwelt D eutschland und der angrenzenden M eeresteile (Dahl F., E d.). 76. Teil, pp. 1-520, G oecke & E vers, Keltern (in G erman).
Zaitsev A. S., Chauvat M., Pfl ug A., Wolt ers V. 2002. O ribatid mite diversity and community dynamics in a spruce chronosequence. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34: 1919-1927.
License
Ten utwór jest dostępny na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa - Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.