Keywords
Carpathian Mts.
distribution ranges
Acer negundo
Echinocystis lobata
Elodea canadensis
Eragrostis albensis
Impatiens glandulifera
Reynoutria japonica
How to Cite
Number of views: 11
Number of downloads: 9
Abstract
The Carpathians are among the regions of Poland that are generally less susceptible to invasive alien plants. The factor limiting the spread of the species of this group is, above all, the mountain climate. Even species originating from other mountain regions, e.g. the Himalayan Impatiens glandulifera, have their localities only at low elevations, in the Carpathian foothills. In most cases, alien plant species migrate into the Carpathians from the lowlands. The river valleys provide the migration corridors used by alien species in the course of their progress into new territories of the upper mountain localities. The situation along some mountain rivers, where invasive alien species dominate the native vegetation, is dramatic. Their spread is facilitated not only by easy diaspore transport but also by some anthropogenic factors, such as, river engineering and the transformation of riparian habitats and progressing devastation. Currently, we can observe some invasive alien plants "in statu nascendi", developing a new, secondary range in the Carpathians (e.g. Chaerophyllum aureum) or at the foothills, along the Wisła (Vistula) and San river valleys (e.g. Eragrostis albensis). For some species, cities were the destination for the first stage of future migration, e.g. Acer negundo. In the Carpathians, where many national parks and nature reserves are located, the continuous monitoring of the spread of invasive alien plants should be one of the principal activities of botanists.
References
Adamowski W., Dvorak L. & Ramanjuk I. 2002. Atlas of alien woody species of the Białowieża primeval forest. Phytocoenosis 14 (N. S.) Suppl. Cartogr. Geobot. 14: 1-303.
Beerling D. J. & Perrins J. M. 1993. Biological Flora of the British Isles: Impatiens glandulifera Royle. J. Ecol. 81: 367-382.
Beerling D. J., Huntley B. & Bailey J. P. 1995. Climate and distribution of Fallopia japonica: use of an introduced species to test the predictive capacity of response surfaces. J. Veget. Sci. 6: 269-282.
Bímová K., Mandák B. & Kašprová I. 2004. How does Reynoutria invasion fit the various theories of invisibility? J. Veg. Sci. 15: 495-504.
Burkart M. 2001. River corridor plants (Stromtalplanzen) in Central European lowland: a review of a poorly understood plant distribution pat tern. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 10: 449-468.
Child L. & Wade P. M. 1999. Fallopia japonica in the British Isles: the traits of an invasive species and implication for management. In: E. Yano, K. Matsuo, M. Shiyomi & D. A. Andow (eds.). Biological invasions of ecosystem by pest and beneficial organisms, pp. 200-210. National Institute of Agro-Environmantal Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.
Chmiel J. 1993. Flora roślin naczyniowych wschodniej części Pojezierza Gnieźnieńskiego i jej antropogeniczne przeobrażenia w wieku XIX i XX, cz. 1 i 2. Prace Zakładu Taksonomii Roślin UAM w Poznaniu 1; 1: 1-202, 2: 1-212. Wyd. Sorus, Poznań.
Dajdok Z., Anioł-Kwiatkowska A. & Kącki Z. 1998. Impatiens glandulifera Royle in the floodplain vegetation of the Odra river (West Poland). In: U. Starfinger, K. Edwards, I. Kowarik & M. Williamson (eds.). Plant Invasions: Ecological Mechanisms and Human Responses, pp. 161-168. Buckhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Dajdok Z., Anioł-Kwiatkowska J. & Kącki Z. 2003. Distribution of Impatiens glandulifera along the Odra river. In: A. Zając, M. Zając & B. Zemanek (eds.). Phytogeographical problems of synanthropic plants, pp. 125-130. Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow.
Dajdok Z. & Kącki Z. 2003. Kenophytes of the Odra riversides. In: A. Zając, M. Zając & B. Zemanek (eds.). Phytogeographical problems of synanthropic plants, pp. 131-136, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow.
Dajdok Z. & Tokarska-Guzik B. 2009. Doliny rzeczne i wody stojące jako siedliska gatunków inwazyjnych. In: Z. Dajdok & P. Pawlaczyk (eds.). Inwazyjne gatunki roślin ekosystemów mokradłowych Polski, pp. 24-30. Wyd. Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin.
Drescher A. & Prots B. 2003. Distribution patterns of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) in Austria. In: A. Zając, M. Zając & B. Zemanek (eds.). Phytogeographical problems of synanthropic plants, pp. 137-146. Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow.
Faliński J. B. 2000. Rzeczne wędrówki roślin. In: J. Kułtuniak (ed.). Rzeki. Kultura-Cywilizacja-Historia. Biblioteka Zespołu Organizatorów Przestrzennego Muzeum Odry 9: 143-186.
Faliński J. B., Ćwikliński E. & Głowacki Z. 2000. Atlas geobotaniczny doliny Bugu. Phytocoenosis 12 (N. S.) Suppl. Cartogr. Geobot. 14: 1-320.
Gerber E., Krebs C., Murrell C., Moretti M., Rocklin R. & Schaffner U. 2007. Exotic invasive knotweeds (Fallopia spp.) negatively affect native plant and invertebrate assemblages in European riparian habitats. Biol. Conserv. 41: 646-654.
Guzik J. & Sudnik-Wójcikowska B. 2005. Critical review of species of a genus Eragrostis in Poland. In: L. Frey (ed.). Biology of grasses, pp. 45-48. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kraków.
Heine H. & Tschopp E. 1953. Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. et Gray in Mitteleuropa. Mitt. Basels Bot. Ges. 1: 6-7.
Hejda M. & Pyšek P. 2006. What is the impact of Impatiens glandulifera on species diversity of invaded riparian vegetation? Biol. Conserv. 132: 143-152.
Hulme P. E. & Bremner E. T. 2005. Assessing the impact of Impatiens glandulifera on riparian habitats: partitioning diversity components following species removal. J. Appl. Ecol. 43: 43-50.
Hulme P. E., Pyšek P., Nentwig W. & Vilŕ M. 2009. Will threat of biological invasions unite the European Union? Science 324: 40-41.
Jehlík V. (ed.). 1998. Cizí expanzivní plevele České Republiky a Slovenské Republiky. 506 pp. Academia, Praha.
Kącki Z. & Szczęśniak E. 2009. Gatunki z rodzaju miłka Eragrostis spp. In: Z. Dajdok & P. Pawlaczyk (eds.). Inwazyjne gatunki roślin ekosystemów mokradłowych Polski, pp. 77-79. Wyd. Klub Przyrodników, Świebodzin.
Kornaś J. 1990. Plant invasions in Central Europe: historical and ecological aspects. In: F. de Castri, A. J. Hansen & M. Debussche (eds.). Invasions in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin, pp. 19-36. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Koszela K. & Tokarska-Guzik B. 2008. Alien plant species in the protected landscape area of the Odra river meanders: habitat preferences and threats. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 9-10: 73-80.
Kowarik I. & Säumel I. 2008. Water dispersal as an additional pathway to invasions by the primarily wind-dispersed tree Ailanthus altissima. Plant Ecol. 198: 241-252.
Kucharczyk M. 2001. Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in the Middle Vistula River Valley. 395 pp. Maria Curie-Skłodowska Univ. Press, Lublin.
Kucharczyk M. 2003. Phytogeographical roles of lowland rivers on the example of Middle Vistula. 127 pp. Maria Curie-Skłodowska Univ. Press, Lublin.
Kucharczyk M. & Krawczyk R. 2004. Kenophytes as river corridor plants in the Vistula river and the San river valleys. Teka Kom. Ochr. Kszt. Środ. 1: 110-115.
Lhotská M. & Kopecký K. 1966. Zur Verbreitungsbiologie und Phytozönologie von Impatiens glandulifera Royle an den Flusssystemen der Svitava, Svratka und obern Odra. Preslia 38: 376-385.
Michalewska A. & Nobis M. 2005. Expansion of Eragrostis albensis (Poaceae) on anthropogenic sites in the southeastern Poland. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. Polonica 12(1): 23-44.
Mirek Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa H., Zając A. & Zając M. 2002. Flowering plants and pteridophytes of Poland. A checklist. In: Z. Mirek (ed.). Biodiversity of Poland 1, 442 pp. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
Müllerová J., Pyšek P., Jarošík V. & Pergl J. 2005. Aeral photographs as a tool for assessing the regional dynamics of the invasive plant species Heracleum mantegazzianum. J. Appl. Ecol. 42: 1042-1053.
Planty-Tabacchi A. M., Tabacchi E., Naiman R. J., Deferarri C. & Decamps H. 1996. Invasibility of species-rich communities in riparian zones. Conserv. Biol. 10: 598-607.
Podbielkowski Z. 1995. Wędrówki roślin. 239 pp. WSiP, Warszawa.
Prischter S. 1958. Echinocystis lobata im Mitteldonau-Becken. Bauhinia 1(2): 136-143.
Pyšek P. 1994. Ecological aspect of invasion by Heracleum mantegazzianum in the Czech Republic. In: L. C. de Waal, L. E. Child, P. M. Wade & J. H. Brock (eds.). Ecology and Management of Invasive Riverside Plants, pp. 45-54. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pyšek P., Lambdon P. W., Arianoutsou M., Kühn I., Pino J. & Winter M. 2009. Alien Vascular Plants of Europe. In: DAISIE. Handbook of Alien Species in Europe, pp. 43-61. Springer Science + Business Media B. V.
Pyšek P., Jarošík V., Pergl J. & Wild J. 2011. Colonization of high altitudes by alien plants over the last two centuries. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 108(2): 439-440.
Pyšek P. & Prach K. 1995. Invasion dynamics of Impatiens glandulifera - a century of spreading reconstructed. Biol. Conserv. 74: 41-48
Pyšek P. & Pyšek A. 1995. Invasion by Heracleum mantegazzianum in different habitats in the Czech Republic. J. Veget. Sci. 6: 711-718.
Pyšek P., Richardson D. M., Rejmánek M., Webster G. L., Williamson M. & Kirschner J. 2004. Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists. Taxon 53(1): 131-143.
Richardson D. M., Pyšek P., Rejmánek M., Barbour M. G., Panetta F. D. & West C. J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Divers. Distrib. 6: 93-107.
Richardson D. M., Holms P. M., Esler K. J., Galatowitsch S. M., Stromberg J. C., Kirkman S. P., Pyšek P. & Hobbs R. J. 2007. Riparian vegetation: degradation, alien plant invasions, and restoration prospects. Divers. Distrib. 13: 126-139.
Sudnik-Wójcikowska B. & Guzik J. 1996. The spread and habitats of Eragrostis pilosa (Poaceae) in the Vistula valley. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 41: 753-769.
Śliwiński M. 2008. Occurrence of anthropophytes along streams of Sowie Mountains and Dzierżoniów Basin (South-Western Poland) in dependence on land use. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 11-12: 33-40.
Tokarska-Guzik B. 2005. The Establishment and Spread of Alien Plant Species (Kenophytes) in the Flora of Poland. Prace naukowe Uniw. Śląskiego w Katowicach 2372: 1-192.
Tokarska-Guzik B., Bzdęga K., Knapik D. & Jenczała G. 2006. Changes in plant species richness in some riparian plant communities as a result of their colonization by taxa of Reynoutria (Fallopia). Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 1-2: 123-130.
Tokarska-Guzik B., Bzdęga K. & Koszela K. 2007. Zróżnicowanie gatunkowe flory i zagrożenia wywołane inwazyjnymi gatunkami roślin na obszarze chronionego krajobrazu polsko-czeskich meandrów Odry. In: J. A. Lis & A. Mazur (eds.). Przyrodnicze wartości polsko-czeskiego pogranicza jako wspólne dziedzictwo Unii Europejskiej, pp. 151-166. Centrum Studiów nad Bioróżnorodnością, Katedra Biosystematyki, Uniwersytet Opolski, Opole.
Urbisz A. 2001. Atlas rozmieszczenia roślin naczyniowych południowo-zachodniej części Wyżyny Katowickiej. 234 pp. Wyd. Uniw. Śląskiego, Katowice.
Uziębło A. 2008. Invasion of Impatiens glandulifera In the surroundings of the Babia Góra National Park (Western Carpathians, Poland). In: B. Tokarska-Guzik B, J. H. Brok, G. Brundu, L. Child, C. C. Daehler & P. Pyšek (eds.). Plant Invasions: Human perception, ecological impact and management, pp. 161-167. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Warszyńska J. 1995. The Polish Carpathians - Nature, Man and his Activities, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków.
Zając A. 1978. Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL). Taxon 27(56): 481-484.
Zając A. & Zając M. (eds.). 2001. Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Poland. xii+714 pp. Edited by Laboratory of Computer Chorology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow.
Zając A., Zając M. & Tokarska-Guzik B. 1998. Kenophytes in the flora of Poland: list, status and origin. In: J. B. Faliński, W. Adamowski & B. Jackowiak (eds.). Synantropization of plant cover in new Polish research. Phytocoenosis 10 (N. S.) Suppl. Cartogr. Geobot. 9: 107-116.
Zając M. & Zając A. (eds.). 1998. Distribution Atlas of Vascular Plants in Cracow Province. Legally protected, endangered, vulnerable and rare species. 136 pp. Edited by Laboratory of Computer Chorology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Cracow.
Zając M. & Zając A. 2001. Success factors enabling the penetration of mountain areas by kenophytes: an example from the northern Polish Carpathians. In: G. Brundu, J. Brock, L. Camarada, L. Child & M. Wade (eds.). Plant invasions: Species Ecology and Ecosystem Management, pp. 271-280. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Zemanek B. & Winnicki T. 1999. Rośliny naczyniowe Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego. Monografie Bieszczadzkie 3: 1-249.