Mots-clés
język prawniczy
semantyka
terminologia
Comment citer
Résumé
Koncepcja semantyki Saula Kripkego i Hilary‘ego Putnama, należąca do nowych koncepcji semantycznych formułuje trzy założenia, które w istotny sposób wpływają na współczesną analizę języka prawnego.
Twierdzenia, jakie można wyprowadzić z tej koncepcji, wskazują na:
1. Uniezależnienie językowego znaczenia tekstu prawnego od intencji historycznego prawodawcy, przenosząc tym samym ciężar na praktykę użytych zwrotów w danej wspólnocie komunikacyjnej.
2. Wpływ różnorakich sposobów użycia języka prawnego na procedurę ustalania jego znaczenia.
3. Ewolucję językowego znaczenia tekstu prawnego w czasie.
Semantyka Kripkego–Putnama stara się dowieść, że proces interpretacji prawniczej zgodny z założeniami pozytywizmu prawniczego, którego charakterystyczną cechą jest językowy charakter prawa, powinien uwzględniać zmiany znaczenia tekstu prawnego w czasie, argumenty niewiążącego precedensu, poglądy formułowane przez doktrynę, czy też argumenty komparatystyczne. W konsekwencji ma to doprowadzić do traktowania ich jako argumentów służących ustalaniu znaczenia zwrotów tekstu prawnego. Koncepcja ta zwraca uwagę na kontekst, w jakim używa się języka, w szczególności zaś skupia się na wspólnocie językowej, do której mówiący należy.
Références
Matczak Marcin, 2007, Summa Iniuria. O błędzie formalizmu w stosowaniu prawa, Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Kripke Saul, 1980, Naming and Necessity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., wydanie polskie 2001, Nazywanie a konieczność, przeł. B. Chwedeńczuk, Warszawa, Fundacja Aletheia.
Teksty źródłowe:
Zieliński Maciej, 2007, Język polskiej legislacji, czyli zrozumiałość przekazu a stosowanie prawa, Kancelaria Senatu; Materiały konferencji zorganizowanej przez Komisję Kultury i Środków Przekazu oraz Komisję Ustawodawczą, Warszawa, www.senat.gov.pl/k6/agenda/seminar/061207.pdf.
Ajdukiewicz Kazimierz, 1985, O znaczeniu wyrażeń. Język i poznanie, t. 1, Wybór pism z lat 1920–1939, Warszawa, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
Matczak Marcin, 2008, Interpretacja prawnicza w świetle semantyki Kripkego–Putnama, "Państwo i Prawo", nr 6, Warszawa.
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