Parole chiave
akt normatywny
język prawny
precyzja w języku prawnym
niedookreśloność w języku prawnym
Come citare
Abstract
Tematem artykułu jest problematyka związana z dwoma nurtami w filozofii prawa, według których prawo z jednej strony powinno być formułowane w sposób ogólny, by zawrzeć rozwiązanie dla wielu przypadków w różnych okolicznościach, a z drugiej strony powinno być dokładnie sprecyzowane tak, by obywatel wiedział z pewnością, co może, a czego nie może czynić. W artykule wskazane są narzędzia prawne i językowe, które w taki sposób wpływają na formułowanie i odczytywanie przepisów, by zostały spełnione oba te kryteria. W pierwszej części artykułu wymienione zostają niektóre rodzaje wykładni prawa, które są szczególnie ściśle powiązane z językiem jako narzędziem pozwalającym formułować przepisy oraz niektóre zasady interpretacji tekstu prawnego. W drugiej części omówione są cechy języka istotne dla interpretacji tekstów prawnych, przede wszystkim w odniesieniu do zakresów znaczeniowych wyrazów, w tym wyrażeń niedookreślonych i nieostrych. W części trzeciej autorka wskazuje na narzędzia językowe, które pozwalają zwiększyć precyzję tekstową, takie jak definicje, wykorzystanie kontekstu, określanie granic nieostrości, wprowadzanie zdań warunkowych itd. Ostatnia część poświęcona jest wyrazom niedookreślonym, grupowanym według kategorii gramatycznych. Za materiał do badań empirycznych posłużyło przede wszystkim prawo polskie i węgierskie.
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Wykaz dokumentów prawnych:
évi IV. törvény a Polgári Törvénykönyvről.
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