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Abstrakt
W artykule stawia autorka tezę, że model języka aktów normatywnych ma charakter naturalny. Wychodząc od Bühlerowskiej teorii konstrukcji świata w płaszczyznach deiktycznej i symbolicznej etnicznego języka potocznego twierdzi, że zarówno deiktyczny świat przedstawień, jak i symboliczny świat woli ustawodawcy, są wpisane w potoczny model komunikacji językowej, a ustawodawca wskazuje w akcie stanowienia normy prawnej – jak w sytuacjach dnia codziennego z pozycji egocentrycznej – status obowiązków adresata i zarazem uprawnień recipienta działania ustanowionego normą wysłowioną w przepisach prawnych. Metatekstowa rama („ustanawiam”) konstruuje obraz świata norm prawnych z pozycji psychologicznego źródła wypowiedzi („ja”) organizującego podstawową (pierwotną) funkcję adresatywną sfery odniesienia przestrzennego („to” – „ten” – „tamten”) i organizuje relację należności i powinności, które rządzą konstrukcją ustanowionego świata norm. Wypowiedź ustawodawcy symbolizuje wskazane podmioty oraz wskazany przedmiot regulacji prawnej i jest modalizowana deontycznie, jak w art. 356 § 1 k.c. – np. wierzyciel („tamten”) może żądać (orzeczenie modalne) osobistego świadczenia („to”) dłużnika („ten”), co odczytuje się także, że dłużnik („ten”) powinien świadczyć (orzeczenie modalne) osobiście na żądanie („to”) wierzyciela („tamten”). Autorka uzasadnia, że błędne jest twierdzenie, jakoby system języka dopuszczał nieprecyzyjne wysłowienie intencji ustawodawcy. W systemowym odniesieniu znaków językowych wypowiedź prawna nie różni się od wypowiedzi potocznej i uwzględnia eliptyczny charakter języka etnicznego. Tekst aktu prawnego może być natomiast nieprecyzyjnie rozumiany lub różnie interpretowany – podobnie jak wypowiedzi potoczne – gdyż naturalną jego właściwością jest eliptyczność wypowiedzi wymagająca interpolacji brakujących składników w odbiorze i redundantność znaków języka, których referencję zapewnia nadawca tekstu.
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