Mots-clés
komunikacja międzykulturowa
Polska-Litwa
historyczny
diachroniczne
Comment citer
Résumé
W okresie od XVI do XVIII wieku Polska (wówczas Królestwo Polskie) była połączona unią polityczną z Litwą (tj. Wielkim Księstwem Litewskim), tworząc państwo nazywane „Rzeczpospolitą Obojga Narodów". W rzeczywistości państwo to jednoczyło na swoim terytorium wiele grup ludności o różnym statusie społecznym, narodowościowym i wyznaniowym; mówiących rozmaitymi językami. Społeczności te rządziły się zróżnicowanymi systemami prawa zwyczajowego oraz regulacjami pochodzącymi od feudalnych władców, zapisanymi w licznych „przywilejach‖ grupowych i indywidualnych. Podczas długiego procesu (zapoczątkowanego już w XIV wieku) tworzenia unii narodów oraz ewolucji ustroju politycznego, zmierzającej do ukonstytuowania tzw. republiki szlacheckiej, musiały ulec zniwelowaniu istotne odmienności lokalne w sferze kultury prawnej. Ważnym czynnikiem łagodzenia procesów unifikacji norm i instytucji prawnych oraz uzyskiwania dla nich społecznej akceptacji było jednakże respektowanie pewnych różnic kulturowych, a zwłaszcza przywiązania obywateli do określonego kodu językowego, w którym formułowano wypowiedzi oficjalne. Intensywne działania kodyfikacyjne wymagały szczególnej wrażliwości ze strony rządzących, a także kompetencji elit kulturalnych w rozwiązywaniu problemów natury komunikacyjnej i translatorskiej. Celem autorki jest przedstawienie tej skomplikowanej sytuacji językowej w kontekście kształtującej się wówczas – także pod wpływem ogólnoeuropejskich dążeń kodyfikacyjnych – kultury prawnej, która zakorzeniła się w świadomości i codziennej praktyce mieszkańców Rzeczpospolitej polskolitewskiej. Jest też fenomenem historycznym wartym zainteresowania z punktu widzenia współczesnych dążeń i problemów wielonarodowej wspólnoty europejskiej.
Références
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