Ключевые слова
constitution
langage juridique
norme juridique
linguistique juridique
Как цитировать
Аннотация
Le préambule de la Constitution est un type spécial de texte juridique qui diffère significativement des autres textes législatifs, en ce qui concerne le lexique, la syntaxe et la sémantique. Cet article vise à désigner les caractéristiques de la langue juridique du préambule de la Constitution – son contenu, sa forme et la fonction qu'il joue dans le système juridique. Le corpus de la recherche se compose des plus de vingt préambules des constitutions des pays européens. Les résultats montrent qu’en dépit de quelques différences entre les préambules des pays européens, il existe de nombreuses caractéristiques communes – presque tous les préambules mentionnent des valeurs et des principes, considérés comme fondamentaux pour le pays et la nation, tels que l'indépendance, la liberté ou la démocratie. Certains préambules se réfèrent aussi à l'histoire de son pays, à la religion ou à la personne de Dieu – directement ou indirectement. Malgré le fait que le préambule – du point de vue linguistique – n’est pas comme les autres textes juridiques, il peut être considéré comme un texte normatif.
Библиографические ссылки
Bała, Paweł. 2016. Invocatio Dei w Konstytucji RP z 2 kwietnia 1997 r. w perspektywie porównawczej i historycznej, http://www.bibliotekacyfrowa.pl/Content/39049/016.pdf, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Définitions : préambule – Dictionnaire de français Larousse, http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/préambule/63282?q=preambule, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Skrzydło, Wiesław. 2009. Konstytucja Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz. Warszawa : Wolters Kluwer Polska.
Stefaniuk, Małgorzata. 2005. Preambuła do Konstytucji Rp z 2 kwietnia 1997 roku w orzecznictwie Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska Lublin – Polonia. Sectio G Ius. Vol. L/LI 2003/2004. ss. 203-223.
Stefaniuk, Małgorzata Ewa. 2009. Preambuła aktu normatywnego w doktrynie oraz w procesie stanowienia i stosowania polskiego prawa w latach 1989-2007. Lublin : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej 2009.
Décisions :
Décision du Tribunal Constitutionnel de 11 mai 2007, nº K 34/97, otk.trybunal.gov.pl/orzeczenia/teksty/otk/2007/K_02_07.doc, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Décision du Tribunal Constitutionnel de 26 juin 2000, sign. 29/00. http://otk.trybunal.gov.pl/orzeczenia/teksty/otkpdf/2000/Ts029z 00.pdf, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Décision du Tribunal Constitutionnel de 3 juin 1997, nº K 34/97, http://otk.trybunal.gov.pl/orzeczenia/teksty/otkpdf/1998/k_34_9 7.pdf, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitutions :
Constitution de l’Espagne, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/es1978.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de l’Irlande, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ie.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de l’Ukraine, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ua2011.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Fédération de Russie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ru2008.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Grèce, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/gr1975.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Hongrie (officiellement nommée « Loi fondamentale de la Hongrie »), http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/hu2011.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Moldavie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/md1994.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Principauté l’Andorre, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/and1993.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République d’Estonie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ee1992.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République de Biélorussie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/by1996.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République de Croatie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/hr.htm, consulté 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République de Lituanie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/lt1992.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République de Macédoine, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/mk1991.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République de Pologne, http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/francuski/kon1.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République du Portugal, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/pt1976.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République fédérale d’Allemagne, https://www.bundestag.de/blob/189762/f0568757877611b2e434 039d29a1a822/loi_fondamentale-data.pdf, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République française, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/co1958.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la République Tchèque, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/cz1992.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de la Serbie, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/rs2006.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution de Monaco, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/mon1962.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitution fédérale de la Confédération suisse, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/ch2000.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Constitutions du Monde, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/constitintro.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
Loi fondamentale de l'État de la Cité du Vatican, http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/constit/va2001.htm, consulté le 1 septembre 2016.
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