关键词
bezstronność
tłumaczenie sądowe
tłumacz sądowy
praktyka tłumaczenia sądowego
How to Cite
摘要
Przestrzeganie zasad etyki zawodowej przez tłumaczy na sali rozpraw jest jednym z ważniejszych aspektów pracy profesjonalnego tłumacza sądowego. Organizacje zrzeszające tłumaczy opracowują wprawdzie zbiory norm ujęte w kodeksy zawodowe, ich znajomość wśród praktykujących tłumaczy wydaje się jednak wątpliwa, zwłaszcza że programy studiów kształcących tłumaczy nie zawierają przedmiotów z zakresu etyki. Niniejszy artykuł wyjaśnia zatem, w jakim stopniu preskryptywne normy profesjonalnego zachowania znajdują zastosowanie w praktyce tłumaczenia sądowego. Na przykładzie tłumaczonych postępowań karnych w austriackim sądzie omawiane jest działanie tłumaczy pod kątem zachowania przez nich zasady bezstronności. Analiza pokazuje, że tłumacze sądowi w różny sposób naruszają tę zasadę, czy to przez ingerencję w tłumaczone wypowiedzi, brak lojalności wobec mówcy, okazywanie emocji, czy też przejmowanie funkcji pomocnika sędziego. Z badań wynika ponadto, że preskryptywne normy nie zawsze przystają do realiów sali rozpraw, ponieważ etyczne działanie tłumacza nierzadko jest wypadkową oczekiwań pozostałych uczestników interakcji wobec tłumacza. Dlatego niezbędne wydaje się zwrócenie uwagi, zarówno samych tłumaczy sądowych, jak i środowiska prawniczego na etyczny aspekt pracy tłumaczy w sądzie.
参考
Edwards, Alicia Betsy (1995) The practice of court interpreting. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Gentile, Adolfo; Ozolins, Uldis; Vasilakakos, Mary (1996) Liaison interpreting. A handbook. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Gile, Daniel (1995) Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hale, Sandra Beatriz (2007) Community Interpreting. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hertog, Erik (2009) Legal Interpreting: Recommendations for Best Practices. Antwerp.
Kadrić, Mira (2004) Behördendolmetschen in Österreich - Wege zur Qualitätsverbesserung. W: R. Soyer (red.) Strafverteidigung. Konflikte und Lösungen. Wien, Graz: NWV Neuer Wiss. Verl., 81–88.
Kadrić, Mira (2005) Der weite Weg nach Europa. Von den Bemühungen der Europäischen Kommission um Qualifizierung der BehördendolmetscherInnen und der (Un)Tätigkeit der Mitgliedstaaten. W: Der Gerichtsdolmetscher. Mitteilungsblatt des Österreichischen Verbandes der Gerichtsdolmetscher 2, 27–32.
Kadrić, Mira (22006) Dolmetschen bei Gericht. Erwartungen - Anforderungen - Kompetenzen. Wien: Facultas.
Krammer, Harald (2006) Die Zertifizierung von Gerichtsdolmetschern - ein Meilenstein in der Rechtsentwicklung. W: Der Gerichtsdolmetscher. Mitteilungsblatt des Österreichischen Verbandes der Gerichtsdolmetscher 1, 17–21.
Akty prawne i inne dokumenty:
Berufs- und Ehrenkodex des Österreichischen Verbandes der allgemein beeideten und gerichtlich zertifizierten Dolmetscher http://www.gerichtsdolmetscher.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=63&lang=de
Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Bundesgesetz über den allgemein beeideten gerichtlichen Sachverständigen und Dolmetscher geändert wird (BGBl I Nr. 168/1998)
Bundesgesetz vom 19. Feber 1975 über den allgemein beeideten gerichtlichen Sachverständigen und Dolmetscher (BGBl. Nr. 137/1975)
Bundesgesetz vom 23. Jänner 1974 über die mit gerichtlicher Strafe bedrohten Handlungen - Strafgesetzbuch (BGBl. Nr. 60/1974)
Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2010/64/EU z dnia 20 października 2010 r. w sprawie prawa do tłumaczenia ustnego i tłumaczenia pisemnego w postępowaniu karnym (Dziennik Urzędowy L 280, 26/10/2010 P. 0001 – 0007)
Gerichtssachverständigen- und Gerichtsdolmetscherliste http://www.sdgliste.justiz.gv.at/
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