Schlagworte
bezstronność
tłumaczenie sądowe
tłumacz sądowy
praktyka tłumaczenia sądowego
Zitationsvorschlag
Abstract
Die Einhaltung berufsethischer Normen durch GerichtsdolmetscherInnen im Verhandlungssaal ist einer der zentralen Aspekte der professionellen Berufsausübung. Interessensvertretungen arbeiten zwar entsprechende Regeln in Form von Ehren- und Berufskodizes aus, deren Kenntnis unter praktizierenden GerichtsdolmetscherInnen scheint jedoch fraglich zu sein, zumal Studiencurricula der Dolmetscherausbildung keine Berufsethik-Module beinhalten. Der vorliegende Beitrag erklärt, inwiefern präskriptive Verhaltensregeln in der gerichtsdolmetscherischen Praxis zur Anwendung kommen. Am Beispiel gedolmetschter strafrechtlicher Hauptverhandlungen an einem Wiener Gericht wird das translatorische Handeln von DolmetscherInnen hinsichtlich der Einhaltung des Unparteilichkeitsgrundsatzes diskutiert. Die Analyse zeigt, dass GerichtsdolmetscherInnen gegen das Prinzip auf unterschiedliche Weise verstoßen, sei es durch das eigenständige Eingreifen in gedolmetschte Aussagen, die mangelnde Loyalität dem Sprecher gegenüber, gezeigte Gefühle oder durch die Übernahme der Funktion eines Gerichtshelfers. Weiters ergibt die Studie, dass präskriptive Berufsnormen der gerichtsdolmetscherischen Wirklichkeit oft nicht standhalten können, da das ethische Handeln von DolmetscherInnen nicht selten das Resultat von Erwartungshaltungen anderer InteraktionspartnerInnen an die dolmetschende Person ist. Es scheint daher notwendig, sowohl praktizierende GerichtsdolmetscherInnen, als auch juristisch Handelnde auf den ethischen Aspekt der gerichtsdolmetscherischen Tätigkeit aufmerksam zu machen.
Literaturhinweise
Edwards, Alicia Betsy (1995) The practice of court interpreting. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Gentile, Adolfo; Ozolins, Uldis; Vasilakakos, Mary (1996) Liaison interpreting. A handbook. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
Gile, Daniel (1995) Basic Concepts and Models for Interpreter and Translator Training. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hale, Sandra Beatriz (2007) Community Interpreting. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hertog, Erik (2009) Legal Interpreting: Recommendations for Best Practices. Antwerp.
Kadrić, Mira (2004) Behördendolmetschen in Österreich - Wege zur Qualitätsverbesserung. W: R. Soyer (red.) Strafverteidigung. Konflikte und Lösungen. Wien, Graz: NWV Neuer Wiss. Verl., 81–88.
Kadrić, Mira (2005) Der weite Weg nach Europa. Von den Bemühungen der Europäischen Kommission um Qualifizierung der BehördendolmetscherInnen und der (Un)Tätigkeit der Mitgliedstaaten. W: Der Gerichtsdolmetscher. Mitteilungsblatt des Österreichischen Verbandes der Gerichtsdolmetscher 2, 27–32.
Kadrić, Mira (22006) Dolmetschen bei Gericht. Erwartungen - Anforderungen - Kompetenzen. Wien: Facultas.
Krammer, Harald (2006) Die Zertifizierung von Gerichtsdolmetschern - ein Meilenstein in der Rechtsentwicklung. W: Der Gerichtsdolmetscher. Mitteilungsblatt des Österreichischen Verbandes der Gerichtsdolmetscher 1, 17–21.
Akty prawne i inne dokumenty:
Berufs- und Ehrenkodex des Österreichischen Verbandes der allgemein beeideten und gerichtlich zertifizierten Dolmetscher http://www.gerichtsdolmetscher.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=54&Itemid=63&lang=de
Bundesgesetz, mit dem das Bundesgesetz über den allgemein beeideten gerichtlichen Sachverständigen und Dolmetscher geändert wird (BGBl I Nr. 168/1998)
Bundesgesetz vom 19. Feber 1975 über den allgemein beeideten gerichtlichen Sachverständigen und Dolmetscher (BGBl. Nr. 137/1975)
Bundesgesetz vom 23. Jänner 1974 über die mit gerichtlicher Strafe bedrohten Handlungen - Strafgesetzbuch (BGBl. Nr. 60/1974)
Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2010/64/EU z dnia 20 października 2010 r. w sprawie prawa do tłumaczenia ustnego i tłumaczenia pisemnego w postępowaniu karnym (Dziennik Urzędowy L 280, 26/10/2010 P. 0001 – 0007)
Gerichtssachverständigen- und Gerichtsdolmetscherliste http://www.sdgliste.justiz.gv.at/
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