Moral Foundations as Predictors of Academic Success: Examining GPA and Subject Preferences in Middle Adolescents
Journal cover ETHICS IN PROGRESS, volume 16, no. 2, year 2025
PDF

Keywords

Moral Foundations Theory, academic achievement, subject preferences, adolescence, educational psychology

How to Cite

Stastna, K. (2025). Moral Foundations as Predictors of Academic Success: Examining GPA and Subject Preferences in Middle Adolescents. ETHICS IN PROGRESS, 16(2), 179–195. https://doi.org/10.14746/eip.2025.2.8

Number of views: 39


Number of downloads: 24

Abstract

This study explores relationships between adolescents’ moral foundations and academic outcomes, extending existing psychological frameworks into educational research. A sample of 192 German high school students (aged 15–17) completed the Moral Foundations Questionnaire, although the analyses specifically focused on the Care, Fairness, and Authority foundations based on theoretical relevance to educational contexts. Academic achievement (grade point average, GPA) and subject preferences were measured through self-reported grades and subject rankings. Data were analyzed using non-parametric correlations, ordinal logistic regression, and group comparisons. Results indicated that higher scores in the Care foundation were significantly associated with better GPA, whereas Fairness showed no significant correlation. Moreover, students expressing dislike for natural sciences displayed significantly higher Authority foundation scores. These results suggest that specific moral foundations may be relevant in shaping academic performance and subject preferences among adolescents. Future studies should further explore underlying mechanisms to inform targeted educational practices.

https://doi.org/10.14746/eip.2025.2.8
PDF

References

Aquinas T. 2006. Summa Theologiae, trans. D. Bourke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Brown B. B. & Larson J. 2009. “Adolescence: Opportunities and Challenges,” in R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of Adolescent Psychology, Vol. 1, 3rd Ed. (pp. 74–103). Hoboken: Wiley.

Candia C., Ramírez M., Soto L., & Fernández A. 2022. “Reciprocity Heightens Academic Performance in Elementary School Students,” Heliyon 8(12), e11916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11916

Collins W. A., Welsh D. P., & Furman W. 2009. “Adolescent Romantic Relationships,” Annual Review of Psychology 60:631–652. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163459

Crone D. L. & Laham S. M. 2015. “Multiple Moral Foundations Predict Responses to Sacrificial Dilemmas,” Personality and Individual Differences 85:60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.049

Davis D. E., Rice K., Van Tongeren D. R., Hook J. N., DeBlaere C., Worthington E. L., & Choe E. 2016. “The Moral Foundations Hypothesis Does Not Replicate Well in Black Samples,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 110(4), e23–e30. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000056

De Angelis G., Baiocco R., Laghi F., & Tersigni M. 2023. “The Structure of Moral Concerns in Adolescence: Dimensionality and Psychometric Properties of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire in a Sample of Italian Adolescents,” TPM – Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology 30(1):67–82.

Dewey J. 1913. Interest and Effort in Education. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Durlak J. A., Weissberg R. P., Dymnicki A. B., Taylor R. D., & Schellinger K. B. 2011. “The Impact of Enhancing Students’ Social and Emotional Learning: A Meta-analysis of School-based Universal Interventions,” Child Development 82(1):405–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.X

Goff K., Silver E., & Sigfusdottir I. D. 2022. “Academic Orientation as a Function of Moral Fit: The Role of Individualizing Morality,” Sociology of Education 95(2):153–170.

https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407211072428

Graham J., Haidt J., & Nosek B. A. 2008. The Moral Foundations Questionnaire. URL: http://www.moralfoundations.org/questionnaires

Graham J., Nosek B. A., Haidt J., Iyer R., Koleva S., & Ditto P. H. 2011. “Mapping the Moral Domain,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101(2):366–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847

Haidt J. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York: Vintage Books.

Haidt J. & Graham J. 2007. “When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions That Liberals May Not Recognize,” Social Justice Research 20(1):98–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z

Hidi S. & Renninger K. A. 2006. “The Four-Phase Model of Interest Development,” Educational Psychologist 41(2):111–127. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326985ep4102_4

Holland J. L. 1973. Making Vocational Choices. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hume D. 2000. A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. by D. F. Norton & M. J. Norton. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

The Jamovi Project 2024. Jamovi, Version 2.4. [Computer software].

Janoff-Bulman R. & Carnes N.C. 2016. “Social Justice and Social Order: Binding Moralities across the Political Spectrum,” PLoS ONE 11(3), e0152479. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152479

Kant I. 1997. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. M. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kawamoto T., Mieda T., & Oshio A. 2019. “Moral Foundations and Cognitive Ability: Results from a Japanese Sample,” Personality and Individual Differences 149:31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.050

Kohlberg L. 1984. The Psychology of Moral Development: The Nature and Validity of Moral Stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.

Lavrijsen J., Tracey T. J. G., Verachtert P., De Vroede T., Soenens B., & Verschueren K. 2021. “Understanding School Subject Preferences: The Role of Trait Interests, Cognitive Abilities and Perceived Engaging Teaching,” Personality and Individual Differences 174, article no. 110685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.110685

Luguri J. B. & Napier J. L. 2013. “Of Two Minds: The Interactive Effect of Construal Level and Identity on Political Polarization,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49(6):972–977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.06.002

Maxwell B. & Narvaez D. 2013. “Moral Foundations Theory and Moral Development and Education,” Journal of Moral Education 42(3):271–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2013.825582

Moral Foundations Project (n.d.). Moral Foundations Questionnaire. URL: https://moralfoundations.org/questionnaires

Ongis M. & Kidd D. C. 2025. “The Importance of Moral Fit to Expectations of Academic and Professional Wellbeing,” Frontiers in Psychology 16, article no. 1433194. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1433194

Pennycook G., Cheyne J. A., Barr N., Koehler D. J., & Fugelsang J. A. 2014. “The Role of Analytic Thinking in Moral Judgments and Values,” Thinking & Reasoning 20(2):188–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2013.865000

Ratzinger J. 2007. On Conscience. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.

Rest J. R. 1986. Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory. New York: Praeger.

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2024 (October 14). “The Prize in Economic Sciences 2024 – Press Release”. URL: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2024/press-release/

Thapa A., Cohen J., Guffey S., & Higgins-D’Alessandro A. 2013. “A Review of School Climate Research,” Review of Educational Research 83(3):357–385. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654313483907