Obwody pracy: teoria pracy dla epoki iPhone’ów

Słowa kluczowe

praca
iPhone
obwód kultury
Foxconn

Jak cytować

Qiu, J. J., Gregg, M., & Crawford, K. (2015). Obwody pracy: teoria pracy dla epoki iPhone’ów. Praktyka Teoretyczna, 15(1), 95–123. https://doi.org/10.14746/prt.2015.1.3

Abstrakt

Tekst kwestionuje binarny podział na pracę materialną i niematerialną w epoce informacji. W zamian proponujemy model „obwodów pracy” – holistyczną perspektywę, która ułatwia połączenie różnorodnych pojęć i tradycji w studiach nad pracą i ICT (technologie informacyjne i komunikacyjne). Posiłkując się teorią „obwodu kultury” Du Gaya i jego współpracowników, argumentujemy, że stosowane powszechnie perspektywy powinny zostać poddane syntezie i aktualizacji, by oddać fundamentalne przemiany, jakim współcześnie podlega praca, jak również wskazać na najpoważniejsze problemy z tym związane. Dla tych wszystkich procesów iPhone jest naszym zdaniem zjawiskiem emblematycznym. Z jednej strony w skład naszego modelu wchodzą formalne obwody, w ramach których hierarchiczna dominacja narzucana jest pracującemu ciału przez kapitał. Z drugiej strony zaś obejmuje on nieformalne obwody, w ramach których stosunki definiowane są zarówno przez ucieleśnione praktyki, jak i społeczny i komunikacyjny kapitał. Obwody formalny i nieformalny wchodzą ze sobą w spięcia w kontekście obwodów przetrwania i pracozabawy, co oznacza, że każdy z tych obwodów może wchłonąć produktywną energię wytworzoną przez każdy z nich. W niniejszym artykule przywołujemy przykład Foxconna, największego wytwórcy sprzętu elektronicznego na świecie, który produkuje także iPhone’a. Służy to zilustrowaniu użyteczności proponowanego przez nas modelu „obwodów pracy”. Podsumowując artykuł, poddajemy dyskusji szersze konsekwencje i kwestie istotne z perspektywy dalszych badań.

https://doi.org/10.14746/prt.2015.1.3

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