Abstract
Drawing on recent research on aesthetic emotions and folk aesthetics, the purpose of this paper is to look into the way aesthetic pleasure and negative aesthetic experience are described and rendered in the Old English Martyrology (OEM). Using different Old English lexical tools and an edition of the OEM with a translation, this paper analyses these two aesthetic responses taking into consideration the context of the composition of the text and the possibility that it was aimed towards the emotional education of a particular religious community. It argues that, to a certain extent, the author of the OEM standardises the aesthetic experiences that they narrate, both positive and negative, and associates them with particular religious and doctrinal messages that are aimed at providing sensory inputs through which the conceptualisation of abstract and religious experiences is facilitated.
References
Armstrong, Thomas & Brian Detweiler-Bedell. 2008. Beauty as an emotion: The exhilarating prospect of mastering a challenging world. Review of General Psychology 12(4). 305–329. DOI: 10.1037/a0012558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012558
BWT = Bosworth, Joseph & T. Northcote Toller. 1898. An Anglo-Saxon dictionary based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth. Oxford University Press. Search in Google Scholar
Clark, Amy W. 2019. Sweart as sin: Color connotation and morality in Anglo-Saxon England. In Ruth Wehlau (ed.), Darkness, depression, and descent in Anglo-Saxon England, Medieval Institute Publications. 15–36. DOI: 10.1515/9783110661972-003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110661972-003
Dailey, Patricia. 2012. Riddles, wonder and responsiveness in Anglo-Saxon literature. In Clare A. Lees (ed.), The Cambridge history of Early Medieval English literature, Cambridge University Press. 451–472. DOI: 10.1017/CHO9781139035637.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CHO9781139035637.021
DOE = Cameron, Angus, Ashley Crandell Amos, Antonette di Paolo Healey, Roy Liuzza & Haruko Momma (eds.). 2018. Dictionary of Old English: A to I online. Dictionary of Old English Project. https://tapor.library.utoronto.ca/doe/ [accessed on 30/01/2021]
Díaz-Vera, Javier E. 2021. Ælfric’s expressions for shame and guilt: A study in intra-writer conceptual variation. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 56. 39–53. DOI: 10.2478/stap-2021-0018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/stap-2021-0018
Díaz-Vera, Javier E. 2022. Soft hearts and hard souls: The multiple textures of Old English feelings and emotions. Cognitive Linguistic Studies 9(1). 128–151. DOI: 10.1075/cogls.20025.dia DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/cogls.20025.dia
Fingerhut, Joerg & Jesse J. Prinz. 2018. Wonder, appreciation, and the value of art. Progress in Brain Research 237. 107–128. DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.004
Fingerhut, Joerg & Jesse J. Prinz. 2020. Aesthetic emotions reconsidered. The Monist 103(2). 223–239. DOI: 10.1093/monist/onz037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onz036
Franzen, Allen J. 2012. Anglo-Saxon keywords. Wiley-Blackwell. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118255575
Gladkova, Anna & Jesús Romero-Trillo. (eds.). 2021. The conceptualization of ‘beautiful’ and ‘ugly’ across languages and cultures. Special issue of the International Journal of Language and Culture 8(1). DOI: 10.1075/ijolc.8.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.8.1
Harbus, Antonina. 2012. Cognitive approaches to Old English poetry. D.S. Brewer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781782040163
Herzfeld, Georg (ed.). 1900. An Old English Martyrology. Early English Text Society.
Hill, John M. (ed.). 2010. On the aesthetics of Beowulf and other Old English poems. University of Toronto Press. DOI: 10.3138/9781442698758 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442698758
Khan, Fahad, Javier. E. Díaz-Vera, Francisco Javier Minaya Gómez, Rafael Cruz González & Monica Monachini. 2021. Mapping conceptual variation through A Thesaurus of Old English and Evoke: Towards a topical thesaurus of Old English emotional expressions. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur Älteren Germanistik 81(3–4). 442–456. DOI: 10.1163/18756719-12340238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340238
Menninghaus, Winfried, Valentin Wagner, Julian Hanich, Eugen Wassiliwizky, Thomas Jacobsen & Stefan Koelsch. 2017. The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 40. E347. DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X17000309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17000309
Menninghaus, Winfried, Valentin Wagner, Eugen Wassiliwizky, Ines Schindler, Julian Hanich, Thomas Jacobsen & Stefan Koelsch 2019. What are aesthetic emotions? Psychological Review 126 (2). 171–195. DOI: 10.1037/rev0000135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000135
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. 2019. As beautiful inside, as it is outside: On the connection between beauty and morality in the Old English corpus. Complutense Journal of English Studies 27. 205–221. DOI: 10.5209/cjes.63808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/cjes.63808
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. 2020. Mixing pleasure and beauty: Positive aesthetic experience in Old English poetry. Journal of English Studies 18. 153–179. DOI: 10.18172/jes.4417 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18172/jes.4417
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. 2021a. The lexical domain of beatury and its metaphors in the Anglo-Saxon formulaic style. Peter Lang.10.3726/b18993 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3726/b18993
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. 2021b. A world of wonders: Aesthetic emotions in Old English poetry. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. 2022. Emotions of DISGUST and UNPLEASANT PERSONAL EXPERIENCE as aesthetic responses in the Old English poetic corpus. English Studies 103(2). 179–201. DOI: 10.1080/0013838X.2021.1982219 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0013838X.2021.1982219
Minaya-Gómez, Francisco Javier. forthc. The lexical domains of UGLINESS and AESTHETIC HORROR in the Old English formulaic style. Atlantis.
Olatunji, Bunmi O. & Craig N. Sawchuk. 2005. Disgust: Characteristic features, social manifestations, and clinical implications. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 24(7). 932–962. DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.932 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2005.24.7.932
Porck, Thijs. 2021. Onomasiological profiles of Old English texts: Analysing the vocabulary of Beowulf, Andreas and the Old English Martyrology through linguistic linked data. Amsterdamer Beiträge zur Älteren Germanistik 81(3–4). 359–383. DOI: 10.1163/18756719-12340236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340236
Ramey, Peter. 2017. The riddle of beauty: The aesthetics of wrætlic in Old English verse. Modern Philology. 114(3). 457–481. DOI: doi.org/10.1086/68805710.1086/688057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/688057
Rauer, Christine. 2003. The sources of the Old English Martyrology. Anglo-Saxon England 32. 89–109. DOI: 10.1017/S0263675103000061 Otwórz DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0263675103000061
Rauer, Christine. 2013a. The Old English Martyrology: Edition, translation and commentary. D.S. Brewer.
Rauer, Christine. 2013b. Female hagiography in the Old English Martyrology. In Paul Szarmach (ed.), Writing women saints in Anglo-Saxon England, University of Toronto Press. 1 3–29. DOI: 10.3138/9781442664579-003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442664579-003
Reber, Rolf, Norbert Schwartz & Piotr Winkielman. 2004. Processing fluency and aesthetic pleasure: Is beauty in the perceiver’s processing experience? Personality and Social Psychology Review 8(4). 364–382. DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_3
Roseman, Ira J. & Craig A. Smith. 2001. Appraisal theory: Overview, assumptions, varieties, controversies. In Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr & Tom Johnstone (eds.), Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research, Oxford University Press. 3–19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195130072.003.0001
Rosenwein, Barbara H. 2007. Emotional communities in the early Middle Ages. Cornell University Press.
Scherer, Klaus R. 2005. What are emotions? And how can they be measured? Social Science Information 44(4). 695–729. DOI: 10.1177/0539018405058216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018405058216
Silvia, Paul J. & Elizabeth M. Brown. 2007. Anger, disgust, and the negative aesthetic emotions: Expanding an appraisal model of aesthetic experience. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts 1(2). 100–106. DOI: 10.1037/1931-3896.1.2.100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1931-3896.1.2.100
Stodnick, Jacqueline. 2013. Bodies of land: The place of gender in the Old English Martyrology. In Paul Szarmach (ed.), Writing women saints in Anglo-Saxon England, University of Toronto Press. 30–52. DOI: 10.3138/9781442664579-004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442664579-004
Stolk, Sander. 2018. Evoke. (web application). Available from: http://evoke.ullet.net/.
TOE = Roberts, Jane, Christian Kay & Lynne Grundy (eds.). 2017. A Thesaurus of Old English. Glasgow: University of Glasgow. Available from http://oldenglishthesaurus.arts.gla.ac.uk/ [accessed on 31/01/2021].
Trilling, Renée R. (2009). The aesthetics of nostalgia: Historical representation in Old English verse. University of Toronto Press. DOI: 10.3138/9781442697935 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442697935
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Francisco Javier Minaya Gómez

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.