Abstract
The aim of the article is to present a very preliminary chunk of a wider study of Polish slang, whose aim is to pinpoint lexical influence of American English in broad terms and the usage and understanding among Polish youngsters of various types of borrowings. More specifically, the authors have concentrated on the borrowings of words, phrases and meanings from a sociolect known as African American English to the language of Polish youngsters. To this end, the largest Polish hardcore punk Internet forum has been scrutinized. The conducted analysis points to a discernible, albeit not significant lexical influence of the sociolect on the Polish youth slang, which calls for a more nuanced, survey-based analysis the authors wish to undertake as part of their research project.
References
Algeo, John (ed.) 2001 The Cambridge History of the English Language. Volume VI. English in NorthAmerica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Culpeper, Jonathan 1996 “Towards an anatomy of impoliteness”, Journal of Pragmatics 25: 349-367.
Culpeper, Jonathan 2011 Impoliteness: Using language to cause offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dylewski, Radosław 2008 “Selected words, phrases, and meanings of (African) American provenance in White American English: A corpus based study”, Kwartalnik Neofilologiczny LV (3): 243-266.
Fox, Walter 1977 Writing the news: Print journalism in the electronic age. New York: Hastings.
Garcarz, Michał 2005 “Kultura Hip Hopu - współczesny model życia także nastoletnich Polaków”, in: Krystyna Pietrzycka-Bohosiewicz - Aleksander Wawrzyńczak - Władysław Mariczenko (eds.), 39-49; Green, Lisa J. 2002 African American English: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jagodziński, Piotr 2009 “The perception of the African American Vernacular English accent among the students of the School of English, Adam Mickiewicz University”, in: Grzegorz Michalski - Bartosz Wiland - Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk - Jacek Witkoś (eds.), 109-117.
Kopaliński, Władysław Słownik wyrazów obcych i zwrotów obcojęzycznych. <http://www.slownik-online.pl.>
Labov, William 1998 “Co-existent systems in African-American vernacular English”, in: Salikoko S. Mufwene - John R. Rickford - Guy Bailey - John Baugh (eds.), 110-153.
Lee, Margaret G. 1999 “Out of the hood and into the news: Borrowed Black verbal expressions in a mainstream newspaper”, American Speech 74: 369-389.
Lighter, Jonathan E. 2001 “Slang”, in: John Algeo (ed.), 219-252.
Major, Clarence (ed.) 1994 Juba to jive: A Dictionary of African American slang. New York: Viking.
Markowski, Andrzej (ed.) 2006 Wielki słownik poprawnej polszczyzny PWN. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
McCrum, Robert - William Cran - Robert MacNeil 1986 The Story of English. New York: Viking.
Michalski, Grzegorz - Bartosz Wiland - Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kołaczyk - Jacek Witkoś (eds.) 2009 Proceedings of the 2nd Student Conference on Formal Linguistics. Poznań: School of English.
Miejski słownik slangu i mowy potocznej. <http://www.miejski.pl.>
Mufwene, Salikoko. 2003 “The shared ancestry of African-American and American White Southern Englishes: Some speculations dictated by history”, in: Stephen J. Nagle - Sara L. Sanders (eds.), 64-81.
Mufwene, Salikoko S. - John R. Rickford - Guy Bailey - John Baugh (eds.) 1998 African-American English: Structure, history, and use. London: Routledge.
Nagle, Stephen J. - Sara L. Sanders (eds.) 2003 English in the Southern United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Online Etymology Dictionary. <http://www.etymonline.com.>
Oxford English Dictionary. (2nd edition.)
Pietrzycka-Bohosiewicz, Krystyna - Aleksander Wawrzyńczak - Władysław Mariczenko (eds.) 2005 Słowianie w Europie: Historia, Kultura, Język 2. Kraków: Poligrafix.
Rickford, John Russell - Russell John Rickford 2000 Spoken soul: The story of Black English. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Smith, Connie Chic 2012 From the margins to the center: African American English Vernacular in mainstream America, 1995-2010. [Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Howard University.]
Smitherman, Geneva 1973 “The power of rap: The Black idiom and the new Black poetry”, Twentieth CenturyLiterature 19: 259-274.
Smitherman, Geneva 1974 “Soul’n Style”, The English Journal 63: 16-17.
Smitherman, Geneva 2000 Black Talk: Words and phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner. Revised Edition. Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Smitherman, Geneva 2006 Word from the mother: Language and African Americans. New York & London: Routledge.