Mots-clés
verbal change
Roman law
Latin word “persona”
translation
Comment citer
Résumé
Cet article met en cause le concept juridique moderne de « personne » en analysant les problèmes de traduction de quelques fragments de droit romain. L’article explique pourquoi le mot latin « persona » ne peut pas être l’étymon du mot vernaculaire « personne », et que l’emploi moderne de « personne » remonte à la littérature juridique allemande de XIXe siècle, en particulier des écrits de F. C. von Savigny. Cet article constate que « persona » fait partie des expressions idiomatiques construites avec des verbes tels que gerere, tenere et sustinere (porter, tenir, supporter, etc.) et n’a pas de signification en lui-même. Ce genre d’expression a besoin d’un substantif en génitif comme complément, tout comme leur synonyme « représenter », qui est transitif, nécessite un complément d’objet direct. De l’autre côté, la littérature moderne attribue un sens au « personne », le traitant comme équivalent de l’ « individu humain » et l’employant avec le verbe « être ». Cet emploi est une invention moderne et ne peu se retraduire en latin sans perplexité sémantique.
Funding
sponsorship of the Marie Curie Actions of the European Commission in the framework of the Early-Stage Research Training program (sixth framework program) and host institute
Istituto italiano di scienze umane
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