Keywords
security services
Lower Silesia
How to Cite
Number of views: 96
Number of downloads: 62
Abstract
Nationalization and the introduction of state-controlled economy led to the emergence of abnormal social phenomena, including system-specific crimes. Economic transformations were the foundation of the systemic revolution carried out in the first decade after the Second World War, therefore they were the subject of interest for the Ministry of Public Security. That is why financial crimes were treated just like political crimes, which was also justified by legal provisions, as no specific definition of this type of crime existed. This allowed the authorities (secret police, prosecutor’s office, courts, media) to interpret the events according to their will and current political needs, and, as a result, to administer various overt or covert repressions (death penalty, imprisonment, forced cooperation with the secret police).
References
Archiwum Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej Wrocław (The Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance in Wrocław – AIPN Wrocław).
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/409, Vol. 1, Decisions, orders and reports of the WUBP (Regional Office for Public Security) for the period from January to June 1955, report of the manager of WUdSBP in Wrocław, Wrocław, 3 I 1955, ff 3-4.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 054/512, Specialist seminar on the subject: “The role of the Security Service and Citizens’ Militia in protecting the interests of the national economy in Lower Silesia in the last 30 years”, Wrocław 1974, ff 13-14.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/422, Materials from national briefings for the years 1949, 1951 and 1952, f. 123.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 01337/7, The guidelines of Department 3 of the Ministry of Public Security for 1949–1954, f. 1.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 247/7, Vol. 1, Report on the work of the investigative department of WUBP in Wrocław for February 1949, Wrocław, March 7 1949, ff 24-25.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 032/182, Operational file for Sułkowice sugar factory and Silesia Chemical Plant in Jawor.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/422, Materials from national briefings for the years 1949, 1951 and 1952, ff 127,130.
Ibidem, Materials from the national briefing on September23, 1952, final speech of minister Radkiewicz, f. 227.
Ibidem, f. 226.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 274/22, A 10-year report of WUBP Wrocław to the Ministry of Public Security in Warsaw, Warsaw, June 25, 1946, f. 21.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 247/7, vol. 2, Report on the work of the Investigative Department of WUBP in Wrocław for the period from August 1, 1949 until September 1, 1949, Wrocław, September 8, 1949, f. 20.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/400, Regulations, instructions and orders of the head of WUBP in Wrocław for the year 1946, vol. 1, A letter of the manager of WUBP in Wrocław to the manager of PUBP in Ząbkowice, Wrocław, January 25, 1946, f. 45.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/402, Regulations, orders, instructions, bulletins of WUBP Wrocław for the period of January-June 1948, Attachment no.4 to bulletin no. 2 of the head of WUBP in Wrocław, Wrocław, January 21, 1948, f. 28.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/403, vol. 1, Regulations, orders and bulletins of WUBP Wrocław for the period January-June 1949, A letter of the head of the investigative department of WUBP in Wroclaw to the head of PUBP in Trzebnica, Wrocław, May 27, 1949, ff 161-162.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/407, vol. 1, Regulations, instructions, orders and letters of WUBP for the period January–June 1953, The tasks of the investigative services in the fight to strengthen the rule of law and strengthen the People’s State, no date, f. 266.
Ibidem, f. 15.
AIPN Wrocław, sign. 053/407, vol. 1, Regulations, instructions, orders and letters of WUBP for the period January-June 1953, The tasks of the investigative services in the fight to strengthen the rule of law and strengthen the People’s State, no date, f. 278.
Cyprian T. (1958), Dotychczasowa kodyfikacja przestępstw gospodarczych [The existing codification of financial crimes], “Nowe Prawo” no. 21.
Cyprian T. (1958a), Próba określenia przestępstwa gospodarczego [An attempt to define financial crime], “Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny” no. 3.
Journal of Laws, no. 53, item 302 of November 16, 1945.
Klementowski R. (2006), Wydział IX Departamentu IV MBP/Wydział IX „K” WUBP we Wrocławiu z siedzibą w Kowarach (struktura, działalność, obsada personalna) [Section 9 of Department 4 of the Ministry of Public Security/Section 9 “K” of WUBP in Wrocław, seated in Kowary (organization, activities, staffing)], “Aparat represji w Polsce Ludowej 1944-1989”, Rzeszów no. 4.
Lernell L. (1959), Uwagi o pojęciu przestępczości gospodarczej [Remarks on the notion of financial crime], “Państwo i Prawo” no. 11.
Madej K. (2010), Bezradność lub represja. Władze wobec przestępczości gospodarczej w PRL (1956-1970) [Helplessness or repression. The authorities and financial crime in socialist Poland (1956-1970)], Warsaw.
Paczkowski A. [ed.] (1996), Aparat bezpieczeństwa w latach 1944–1956. Taktyka, strategia, metody. Część I. Lata 1945-1947 [Security services in the years 1945-1947. Tactics, strategy and methods. Part 1. Years 1945-1947], Warsaw.
Śliwiński A. (2004), Życie wśród łupieżców. Historia kryzysów i upadku gospodarczego Polski [Life among looters. The history of crises and the economic demise in Poland], Warsaw.
Szwagrzyk K. (2005), Prawnicy czasu bezprawia. Sędziowie i prokuratorzy wojskowi w Polsce 1944-1956 [Lawyers in times of lawlessness. Judges and military prosecutors in Poland 1944-1956], Kraków-Wrocław.
Ruzikowski T. [ed.] (2004), Instrukcje pracy operacyjnej aparatu bezpieczeństwa 1945-1989 [The instructions for operational work of the security services 1945-1989], Warsaw.
Wilk L. (2012), Przestępczość gospodarcza – pojęcie, przyczyny, sprawcy [Financial crime – concept, causes and perpetrators], “Edukacja Prawnicza” no. 10.
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Robert Klementowski
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.