Keywords
Transylvania
IOW database
HPDT
How to Cite
Number of views: 115
Number of downloads: 99
Abstract
The present work introduces the scholarly community to a database containing information about the invalids, orphans, and widows of the First World War in Transylvania—the IOW database, which uses data extracted from the files relating to pensions awarded to these social categories as its main sources. These consist primarily of civil status documents, reports on the personal characteristics of the enrolled soldiers, data relating to war participation and testimonies proving disappearance or death in addition to medical records, as well as information regarding the situations of the beneficiaries’ families and the amounts of money they received, and evidence attesting changes in the status of pension beneficiaries. Next, the details were entered into a relational database that will enable multiple scientific investigations in the fields of humanities, social sciences, and legal studies, as well as medicine and history of medicine, and offer the possibility of having a social and cultural impact among the general public and local communities. The preliminary results, drawn from the table relating to widows, illustrate the negative consequences of war on the lives of men, women, and children in Transylvania. Finally, the paper outlines further development of the database and future lines of research.
Funding
This article represents an updated version of a chapter previously published as part of a PhD dissertation completed by Angela Cristina Lumezeanu, under the supervision of Research Associate Professor Luminița Dumănescu, Digital Infrastructure for Social History: Building Historical Databases, Babeș-Bolyai University, Faculty of History and Philosophy. Doctoral School: “Population Studies and History of Minorities”, Cluj-Napoca, 2019, 204–224.
References
Historical Population Database of Transylvania: HPDT.
Invalids, orphans, and widows database: IOW database.
Monitorul Oficial (1920/119/September 2).
Monitorul Oficial (1920/217/December 31).
Monitorul Oficial (1921/220/January 4). https://doi.org/10.1086/358031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/358031
Monitorul Oficial 1921/242/February 5).
Monitorul Oficial (1922/20/April 29).
Transilvania (1923/54/1-2).
NABN, IOW, inv. 618 - National Archives, Bistrița-Năsăud county branch, Invalizi, orfani și văduve de război (IOVR)/Invalids, orphans, and war widows fonds (IOW)-Bistriţa, 1918-1961.
-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War (2022) Berlin: Freie Universität. http://www.1914-1918-online.net/, accessed 20 May 2022.
Bolovan, I., Crăciun, B., Covaci, D., Dumănescu, L., Holom, E.C., Mârza, D. and Lumezeanu, A.C. (2019) 'Historical Population Database of Transylvania. A Database Manual', Studia UBBDigitalia, 64(1), pp. 9-84. https://doi.org/10.51964/hlcs12038. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/subbdigitalia.2019.1.1
Cohen, D. (2001) The War Came Home: Disabled Veterans in Britain and Germany, 1914-1939. Berkeley: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520220089.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520220089.001.0001
Davies, N. (1997) Europe. A History. London: Oxford University Press.
Dologa, D. (2015) 'Orfanii de război de pe Valea Bârgăului (Primul Război Mondial)', Anuarul Bârgăuan. Știință, cultură, arte, literatură, 5(5), pp. 98-107.
Faron, O. (1999) 'The age of war orphans: Construction and realities of a group of state wards between education and assistance (1917-1935)', The History of the Family, 4(1), pp. 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-602X(99)80263-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-602X(99)80263-2
Fornasin, A., Breschi, M. and Matteo, M. (2019) 'Deaths and survivors in war: The Italian soldiers in WWI', Demographic Research, 40, pp. 599-626. https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2019.40.22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2019.40.22
Hall, K.P., McCaa, R. and Thorvaldsen, G. (2000) 'Introduction. International Historical Microdata: A New Resource for Research and Planning', in Hall, K.P., McCaa, R. and Thorvaldsen, G. (eds) Handbook of International Historical Microdata for Population Research. Minneapolis: Minnesota Population Center, pp. 3-9.
Holom, E.C. and Crăciun, B. (2015) 'Invalizi, orfani și văduve: consecințe sociale ale "Marelui Război" în Transilvania. Studiu de caz', in Bolovan, I., Cojocaru, G. and Tămaș, O.-M. (eds) Primul Război Mondial - Perspectivă istorică şi istoriografică/ The First World War in Historical and Historiographical Perspective. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană/Centrul de Studii Transilvane, pp. 559-568.
Holom, E.C. (2020) '"Recovering the Wounds of War": Transylvanian Soldiers and Their Families during and After the First World War', Transylvanian Review, 29(1), pp. 18-31.
Holom, E.C. (2021) '"Children of the Nation". An Overview of Aid and Benefits Paid to WWI Orphans as Reflected in Data from the Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Romania (1918-1939)', Romanian Journal of Population Studies, 15(2), pp. 115-137. https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2021.2.05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24193/RJPS.2021.2.05
Janz, O. (2009) 'Death and Mourning in the Memory of World War I in Italy', in: Lamberti, E. and Fortunati, V. (eds) Memories and Representations of War: The Case of World War I and World War II. Amsterdam-New York, NY: Brill, pp. 273-286. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042026292_019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042026292_019
Kind-Kovács, F. (2021) 'The heroes' children: Rescuing the Great War's orphans', Journal of Modern European History, 19(2), pp. 183-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1611894421992688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1611894421992688
Koven, S. (1994) 'Remembering and Dismemberment: Crippled Children, Wounded Soldiers, and the Great War in Great Britain', American Historical Review, 99(4), pp. 1167-1202. https://doi.org/10.2307/2168773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2168773
Kranjc, G.J (2009) 'The Neglected War: The Memory of World War I in Slovenia', The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 22(2), pp. 208-235. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040902918105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040902918105
Lumezeanu, L. (2021) Infrastructuri digitale pentru istoria socială. Construirea bazelor de date istorice. Cluj-Napoca: Editura Mega.
Magowska, A. (2012) 'The Unwanted Heroes: War Invalids in Poland after World War I', Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 69(2), pp. 185-220. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrs042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrs042
Mandemakers, K. and Dillon, L. (2004) 'Best Practices with Large Databases on Historical Populations', Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 37(1), pp. 34-38. https://doi.org/10.3200/HMTS.37.1.34-38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/HMTS.37.1.34-38
Mandemakers, K., Mourits, R.J., Muurling, S., Boter, C., van Dijk, I.K., Maas, I., van de Putte, B., Zijdeman, R.L., Lambert, P., van Leeuwen, M.H.D., van Poppel, F. and Miles, A. (2018) HSN standardized, HISCO-coded and classified occupational titles, release 2018.01. Amsterdam. International Institute of Social History. https://datasets.iisg.amsterdam/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=hdl:10622/MUZMAL. Accessed 20 May 2022.
Mârza, D. (2007) 'Demografie și asistenţă socială în Transilvania (1916-1918): înființarea orfelinatelor destinate orfanilor de război', in Bolovan, S.P, Bolovan, I., Graf, R. and Pădurean, C. (eds) Mișcări de populație și aspecte demografice în România în prima jumătate a secolului XX. Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, pp. 93-100.
Meir, N. (2009) 'From communal charity to national welfare: Jewish orphanages in Eastern Europe before and after World War I', East European Jewish Affairs, 39(1), pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501670902750261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501670902750261
Morariu, M. (2019) 'Urmări ale Primului Război Mondial în localitatea Salva, județul Bistrița-Năsăud: orfani și văduve de război', Astra Salvensis, 2(4), pp. 81-84.
Silva, H. (2015) 'Healthcare Services in the Great War Portuguese Soldiers', Transylvanian Review, 24(4), pp. 34-42.
Smith, A. (2010) 'Discourses of morality and truth in social welfare: the surveillance of British widows of the First World War', Social Semiotics, 20(5), pp. 519-535, https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2010.513187. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2010.513187
Sumpf, A. (2010) 'Une société amputée. Les retours des invalides russes de la Grande Guerre, 1914-1929', Cahiers du monde russe, 51(1), pp. 35-64, https://doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.9169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/monderusse.9169
Sumpf, A. (2016) 'Un droit à la réhabilitation? Le statut légal des invalides russes de la grande guerre, 1912-1927', Le Mouvement Social, 257(4), pp. 149-166, https://doi.org/10.3917/lms.257.0149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/lms.257.0149
The Great War from Below: Multiple Mobility and Cultural Dynamics in Belgium (2022) Leuven: Family and Population Studies unit (FaPOS), Center for Sociological Research (CeSO), https://soc.kuleuven.be/ceso/fapos/ongoingprojects/great-war. Accessed 20 May 2022.
Winter, J. (1995) Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Winter, J. (2006) Remembering the War: The Great War between Memory and History in the Twentieth Century. New Haven-London: Yale University Press.
Zolotarev, V.A. (2014) 'Lessons of World War One', Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 84(4), pp. 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331614040108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1019331614040108
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Elena Crinela Holom , Angela Lumezeanu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.