Change from Above and Resistance to Change in the Early Prescriptive Pronouncing Dictionaries of English
PDF

Keywords

Analogy
change from above
change from below
orthoepy
palatalization
phonological change
pronouncing dictionaries
stress placement
John Walker

How to Cite

Trapateau, N., & Duchet, J.-L. (2019). Change from Above and Resistance to Change in the Early Prescriptive Pronouncing Dictionaries of English. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 54(s1), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.2478/stap-2019-0015

Abstract

Walker’s prescription is a complex combination of both promotion of, and resistance to pressures from above according to criteria that reflect the ideals of the upper middle class.

https://doi.org/10.2478/stap-2019-0015
PDF

References

Anonymous. 1790. A caution to gentlemen who use Sheridan’s Dictionary (3rd edn). London : G. Bourne and R. & T. Turner.

Ash, John. 1775. The new and complete dictionary of the English language. London: E. & C. Dilly.

Bailey, Nathan. 1727. An orthographical dictionary, shewing both the orthography and the orthoepia of the English tongue. London: T. Cox.

Barclay, James. 1774, 1792. A complete and universal English dictionary on a new plan. London : Richardson et al.

Beal, Joan C. 2004. English in modern times, 1700–1945. London: Arnold.

Beal, Joan C. & Rajan Sen. 2015. En[dj]uring [ʧ]unes or ma[tj]ure [ʤ]ukes? Palatalization in eighteenth-century English: Evidence from the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database. Paper presented at the 9th Studies in the History of the English Language Conference (SHEL-9), Diachronic Phonology Workshop. Vancouver, Canada, 5–7 June 2015.

Boissevain, Jeremy. 1974. Friends of friends: Networks, manipulators, and coalitions. Oxford: Blackwell.

Brunot, Ferdinand. 1966. Histoire de la langue française des origines à 1900. Paris: Armand Colin.

Buchanan, James. 1766. An essay towards establishing a standard for an elegant and uniform pronunciation of the English language, throughout the British dominions, as practised by the most learned and polite speakers. London: Edward & Charles Dilly.

Cooley, Arnold. 1861. A dictionary of the English language. London & Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers.

Craig, John. 1859. A new universal, etymological, technological, and pronouncing dictionary of the English language. London: Routledge.

Dobson, E. J. 1968. English pronunciation 1500–1700. Vol. 2: Phonology (2nd edn). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Duchet, Jean-Louis, Nicolas Trapateau & Jérémy Castanier. 2012. Stress placement in pronouncing dictionaries (1727–2010): Latin etymology vs English derivation. Language & History, 55(1). 34–46. DOI: 10.1179/1759753612Z.0000000003

Dyche, Thomas. 1723, 1725, 1731, 1737. The spelling dictionary; or, a collection of all the common words and proper names made use of in the English tongue. London: Thomas Norris.

Elphinston, James. 1765. The principles of the English language digested: or, English grammar reduced to analogy. Vol 1. London: P. Vaillant et al.

Entick, John. 1780. The new spelling dictionary, teaching to write and pronounce the English tongue with ease and propriety: A new edition. London: C. Dilly.

Fenning, Daniel. 1761. The Royal English dictionary: or, a treasury of the English language. London: S. Crowder, and Co.

Houston R. A. & C. W. J. Withers. 1990. Population mobility in Scotland and Europe, 1600–1900: A comparative perspective. Annales de Démographie Historique 1990. 285–308.

Johnson, Samuel. 1755. A dictionary of the English language; in which the words are deduced from their originals and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers. London: J. & P. Knaptor.

Johnston, William. 1764. A pronouncing and spelling dictionary. London: W. Johnston.

Jones, Charles. 2006. English pronunciation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. DOI: 10.1057/9780230503403

Jones, Daniel. 1997 [1917]. English pronouncing dictionary. (edited by Peter Roach) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kenrick, William. 1773. A new dictionary of the English language. London: John & Francis Rivington et al.

Kenyon, John S. & Thomas A. Knott. 1945. A pronouncing dictionary of American English. Springfield, IL: G. & C. Merriam Company.

Labov, William. 1994. Principles of linguistic change. Vol. 1: Internal factors. Oxford: Blackwell.

Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change. Vol. 2: Social factors. Oxford: Blackwell.

Lass, Roger. 1999. Phonology and morphology. In Roger Lass (ed.), The Cambridge history of the English language, vol. 3: 1476–1776, 56–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mason, George. 1801. A supplement to Johnson’s English dictionary: on which the palpable errors are attempted to be rectified, and its material omissions supplied. London: J. White et al.

Milroy, James. 1992. Linguistic variation and change: On the historical sociolinguistics of English. Oxford: Blackwell.

Minsheu, John. 1617. Dictionarium etymologicum: A most copious dictionarie etymological (in eleven languages). London: John Browne.

Mugglestone, Lynda. 2003. Talking proper: The rise of accent as social symbol (2nd edn). Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199250622.001.0001

Nares, Robert. 1784. Elements of orthoepy: Containing a distinct view of the whole analogy of the English language; so far as it relates to pronunciation, accent, and quantity. London: T. Payne & Son.

Perry, William. 1775. The Royal standard English dictionary. Edinburgh: The author.

Pouillon, Véronique. 2018. Eighteenth-century pronouncing dictionaries: Reflecting usage or setting their own standard? In Linda Pillière, Wilfrid Andrieu, Valérie Kerfelec & Diana Lewis (eds), Standardizing English: Norms and margins in the history of the English language, 106–143. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/9781108120470.006

Ranson, Rita. 2002. “Elocution Walker”, ou la réussite d’un catholique dans l’Angleterre des lumières. Cercles 4. 47–62.

Scott, William. 1786. A new spelling, pronouncing, and explanatory dictionary of the English language. Edinburgh C. Elliot.

Shapiro, Rebecca. 2016. Fixing Babel: An historical anthology of applied English lexicography. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.

Sheridan, Thomas. 1762. Lectures on elocution. London: A. Millar et al.

Sheridan, Thomas. 1780, 1789, 1797. A general dictionary of the English language. One main object of which, is, to establish a plain and permanent standard of pronunciation. London: J. Dodsley, C. Dilly & J. Wilkie.

Swift, Jonathan. 1712. A proposal for correcting, improving and ascertaining the English tongue. London: Benj. Tooke.

Trapateau, Nicolas. 2015. Placement de l’accent et voyelles inaccentuées dans la prononciation de l’anglais du XVIIIe siècle sur la base du témoignage des dictionnaires de prononciation, des vers et de la musique vocale. Unpublished PhD dissertation: Université de Poitiers.

Trapateau, Nicolas. 2016. ‘Pedantick’, ‘polite’, or ‘vulgar’? A systematic analysis of eighteenth-century normative discourse on pronunciation in John Walker’s dictionary (1791). Language and History, 59(1). 25–36. DOI: 10.1080/17597536.2016.1189663

Walker, John. 1791. A critical pronouncing dictionary and expositor of the English language. London: G. G. J. & J. Robinson & T. Cadell.

Walker, John. 1809. A critical pronouncing dictionary and expositor of the English language. The sixth edition (stereotyped); With considerable improvements, and large additions. London: J. Johnson et al.

Webster, Noah. 1841. An American dictionary of the English language. New York, NY: White & Sheffield.

Wells, John C. 1982. Accents of English: An introduction. Vol 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wells, John C. 1990, 2000, 2008. Longman pronunciation dictionary. Harlow: Longman Group UK Limited.

Wyld, Henry C. 1906. The historical study of the mother tongue. New York, NY: Haskel House Publishers.