Terroryzm i Dżihadyzm w Islamskiej Republice Iranu
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Słowa kluczowe

Iran
terroryzm
separatyzm
bezpieczeństwo
dżihadyzm

Jak cytować

Czulda, R. (2022). Terroryzm i Dżihadyzm w Islamskiej Republice Iranu. Przegląd Strategiczny, (15), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.6

Abstrakt

Chociaż od samego początku swojego istnienia Islamska Republika Iranu regularnie oskarżana jest o wspieranie międzynarodowego terroryzmu, w tym organizacji sunnickich, zjawisko to stanowi istotne i narastające zagrożenie również dla Teheranu. W ostatnich latach Iran stał się celem sunnickich dżihadystów, którzy ogłosili nawet, iż w najbliższej przyszłości szyicki reżim w Teheranie upadnie, a władzę przejmie Państwo Islamskie. Jednocześnie Iran musi radzić sobie także z bardziej tradycyjnymi zagrożeniami, których źródłem są etniczne separatyzmy – głównie ze strony Arabów, Kurdów i Beludżów, ale również MEK (Mudżahedinów Ludowych). Niniejszy artykuł analizuje główne zagrożenia związane z terroryzmem dla współczesnego Iranu i prezentuje zarówno ich przyczyny, jak i dynamikę. Zasadniczym stwierdzeniem artykułu jest, iż chociaż wyzwania te są głównie lokalne (prowincjonalne), to mają potencjał zainicjowania efektu śnieżnej kuli i mogą jeszcze bardziej osłabiać i tak już wrażliwą na kryzysy stabilność Republiki Islamskiej. Co więcej, uważa się, że decydenci Iranu nie rozwiązują problemów strukturalnych, lecz odpowiadają pogłębiającą się sekurytyzacją. Ryzyko staje się jeszcze większe teraz, gdy coraz większa liczba Irańczyków staje się niezadowolona z poziomu życia.

https://doi.org/10.14746/ps.2022.1.6
PDF (English)

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